Effective Study Skills Are the Sole Foundation of a Sound Education Essay

There are a few factors that should be mulled over while examining the above expression. As indicated by the Oxford Dictionary ‘Effective’ is characterized as ‘Successful in delivering an ideal or expected result’. People will in general receive their own systems for learning, as should be obvious beneath. The investigations of Peter Honey and Alan Mumford in the late 1970’s, recognized four distinct manners by which individuals learn. An Activist likes to adopts a ‘hands on’ strategy and experience what is being considered. A Pragmatist needs to have a proceed to explore different avenues regarding the outcomes. A Theorist needs to get why and what are the basic purposes behind the outcome. At long last, the Reflector, watches and thinks about the different results before incorporating. The examination drives us to comprehend that there is certainly not a solitary viable investigation ability yet study aptitudes, that shift as indicated by an individual’s inclination and style. ‘Effective investigation relies upon your perspective, space, time and materials sorted out in the manners that best suit your learning.’ Stella Cottrell. The Study aptitudes handbook third version pg67. Social and social convictions with respect to training may likewise influence the establishment of an individual’s instruction. Sexual orientation inclination may put extra restrictions on an understudy with respect to desires, a few people are put compelled to accomplish great scholarly capabilities while others might be left to their own gadgets and should locate their own inspiration for study. Parental inclusion and motivational good examples likewise affect our ability,motivation and readiness to learn. Source: www.gov.uk research brief, foundation of learning, University of London, Sabates and Duckworth, July 2009. Let us consider ‘sound education’. In the 1980’s it was viewed as a sensible accomplishment to increase 5 O levels. Today businesses have a lot better standards, many won't think about an expected representative without a degree. It is sensible to reason that ‘sound education’ essentially changes with time. Condition can likewise significantly affect instructive accomplishment. An understudy at school can focus exclusively on contemplates while others may concentrate from home on low maintenance premise in the event that they work all day and have a family. Age additionally influences the manner in which people approach study, for instance more seasoned individuals who have not read for a long time will think that its a lot harder to return to concentrate than somebody who has quite recently left school. We can finish up from the over that people need to adjust their style of study for it to be powerful. Understudies of any age additionally should be willing and spurred to learn. This will significantly affect achievement in any event, when outside impacts can upset the establishment of our investigation. While successful examination is critical it isn't the sole establishment as we adjust to suit our prerequisites and at last accomplish what we consider to be our own translation of sound training.

Pros and Cons of Compulsory Voting

Upsides and downsides of Compulsory Voting More than 20 nations have some type of obligatory democratic which expects residents to enlist to cast a ballot and to go to their surveying spot or decision on political race day. With mystery voting forms, its not so much conceivable to demonstrate who has or has not casted a ballot, so this procedure could be all the more precisely called mandatory turnout since voters are required to appear at their surveying place on political decision day. Realities About Compulsory Voting One of the most notable necessary democratic frameworks is in Australia. Every Australian resident beyond 18 years old (with the exception of those of unsound brain or those sentenced for genuine violations) must be enrolled to cast a ballot and appear at their surveying place on political decision day. Australians who don't show up are liable to fines, in spite of the fact that the individuals who were sick or in any case unequipped for deciding on political race day can have their fines deferred. Mandatory democratic in Australia was received in the territory of Queensland in 1915 and in this way embraced across the nation in 1924. With Australias mandatory democratic framework comes extra adaptability for the voter. Decisions are hung on Saturdays, missing voters can cast a ballot in any state surveying spot, and voters in remote territories can cast a ballot before a political race at pre-survey casting a ballot habitats or by means of mail. Voter turnout of those enlisted to cast a ballot in Australia was as low as 47 percent preceding the 1924 obligatory democratic law. In the decades since 1924, voter turnout has drifted around 94 to 96 percent. In 1924, Australian authorities felt that mandatory democratic would take out voter lack of care. Notwithstanding, mandatory democratic presently has its depreciators. The Australian Electoral Commission gives a few contentions in favor and against obligatory democratic. Contentions in Favor Casting a ballot is a city obligation equivalent to different obligations residents perform (for example tax collection, obligatory instruction, or jury duty).Parliament reflects all the more precisely the desire of the electorate.Governments must think about the all out electorate in strategy detailing and management.Candidates can focus their crusading energies on issues, instead of urging voters to go to the poll.The voter isnt really constrained to decide in favor of anybody since casting a ballot is by mystery voting form. Contentions Used Against Compulsory Voting Some propose that it is undemocratic to drive individuals to cast a ballot and is an encroachment of liberty.The oblivious and those with little enthusiasm for governmental issues are compelled to the polls.It may build the quantity of jackass (votes in favor of an irregular competitor by individuals who feel that they are required to cast a ballot by law).It may expand the quantity of casual votes (voting form papers which are not set apart as indicated by the principles for voting).Resources must be assigned to decide if the individuals who neglected to cast a ballot have substantial and adequate reasons. Source Necessary Voting. Australian Electoral Commission, May 18, 2011.

The 2017-18 University of North Carolina (UNC) Supplemental Essays are Live! - College Essay Advisors Admissions Essay Experts

The 2017-18 University of North Carolina (UNC) Supplemental Essays are Live! - College Essay Advisors Admissions Essay Experts The 2017-18 University of North Carolina (UNC) Supplemental Essays are Live! The 2017-18 University of North Carolina (UNC) Supplemental Essays are Live! The time is upon us! University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill has released supplemental essays for the 2017-18 application season and they are just as creative and thought-provoking as we had hoped! UNCs supplement will provide students with four prompts, of which they will choose two. The word count for each response is 200-250 words. The questions are: Prompt 1:  Tell us about a peer who has made a difference in your life. Prompt 2:  What do you hope will change about the place where you live? Prompt 3:  What is one thing that we don’t know about you that you want us to know? Prompt 4:  What about your background, or what perspective, belief, or experience, will help you contribute to the education of your classmates at UNC? The questions are short and sweet and so is the word count, but the prompts give students the opportunity to be imaginative and fit in any last remarks that are important for Admissions to know. If youre hoping to be a Ram this time next year, then crack those knuckles and get to steppin, youve got some supplements to write. About Kat StubingView all posts by Kat Stubing » Ready to get started? We can help! CONTACT US FOR SUPPLEMENTAL ESSAY GUIDANCE »

Elio Motors An American Automotive Company - 923 Words

Elio Motors is an American automotive company founded by Paul Elio in 2009. Currently, Elio Motors is producing a low cost personal transportation vehicle called an Elio, named after the company and its founder. This automotive is a three wheeled, 84 mile per gallon, $6,800 vehicle that is inexpensive and fuel efficient compared to those in this economy with high costing vehicles and soaring fuel prices. Elio Motors is hoping to begin distribution of the product in late 2016. In terms of organizational environment, Elio Motors has ranging factors of general environment. As stated before, the company founded its organization on an economic factor. Seeing as American society struggled with the prices of both personal transportation and fueling, the company structured their product to fit the needs of their customers. Despite the market for IPO’s falling, Elio Motors managed to raise over $16 million. As prices for fuel and vehicles continue to rise, demand for the product will i ncrease. With technology advancing every day, Elio Motors has decided to design their product with no new technology; by doing so, the company avoids any technological risk associated with unfamiliar technology. Elio Motors has altered their product to fit different sociocultural characteristics. The product is fit to accommodate most people who would like to buy the Elio. It is designed to be suitable for a person of 6’1† 220 pounds, but has fit up as tall as 6’8†, and as large as 365 pounds, as theShow MoreRelatedSegmentation And Target Market : Elio Motors1120 Words   |  5 PagesSegmentation and Target Market: Elio Motors Paul Elio is the engineer and Chief Executive Officer of an American startup automaker, Elio Motors, which was founded in 2008. Production was scheduled to begin in early 2015 in Shreveport, Louisiana, however it has been delayed. The design of the vehicle has three wheels with all the standard options of a four-wheeled vehicle. The selling points of this vehicle is that ninety percent of the parts used to produce the vehicle are American made, it can get aroundRead MoreSegmentation and Target Market1581 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿ Segmentation and Target Market: Elio Motors Tina M Miller MKT 571 August 18, 2014 Jason Leonard Segmentation and Target Market: Elio Motors Introduction Paul Elio is the engineer and company CEO of an American startup automaker founded in 2008: Elio Motors. Production is slated to begin in early 2015 in Shreveport, Louisiana. The design of the vehicle has three wheels with all the standard convinces of a four wheeled vehicle. The selling points of this vehicle is that 90% of the parts used

Advertising Medi An Important Aspect - 966 Words

When it comes to advertising, the advertising media is an important aspect. Advertising media â€Å"are the various means by which the message is communicated to the target market† (Perrault, Cannon, McCarthy, 2013). There are several aspects that an advertiser must consider when choosing the best advertising medium to use, which can change depending on the situation. One way that advertisers can ensure effectiveness in terms of their advertising media is to make sure that they give careful consideration of their promotion objectives, the target markets that they want to reach, the available funds for advertising, and finally the nature of the media (Perrault, Cannon, McCarthy, 2013). The nature of the media includes â€Å"whom they want to reach, with what frequency, with what impact, and at what cost† (Perrault, Cannon, McCarthy, 2013). For each of the types of media, however, there are advantages as well as disadvantages. Fitting the advertising medium with the promotion objectives is crucial, and all advertisers should make sure that the two are aligned properly. If the advertiser is aiming to inform their audience and has the need to relay a story with pictures, then they may want to use the internet because it can allow them to go into detail. On the other hand, if an advertiser would like to persuade, they may want to use television in order to reach a wider market and show their product being used and how it can benefit their audience. Finally if the objective of theShow MoreRelatedImpact of Radio Advertisements on Buying Behavoiur of Customer1875 Words   |  8 PagesMEDI-CAPS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT (Affiliated to D.A.V.V, Indore) SYNOPSIS OF MAJOR RESEARCH PROJECT â€Å"THE IMPACT OF RADIO ADVERTISEMENTS ON BUYING BEHAVIOUR OF URBAN CUSTOMERS† GUIDED BY : SUBMITTED BY: Dr. DEEPAK TALWAR VISHAL CHAWLA [PhD, Assistant Professor] MITM MBA III-SEM, MITM Read MoreWhat are Subcultures?1788 Words   |  8 Pageslarger culture that have similar and unique values but also possess some differences to the common culture. There are many different subcultures such as social class, age cohorts, gender, and religious subculture. Nowadays, subcultures are becoming important to brands because it leads to a better orientation to market a product or service. This assignment will focus on the age cohorts’ subculture, namely Generation Y. Surprisingly, â€Å"Millennials has 21% of consumer discretionary purchases, which is estimatedRead MoreCorrelation Between Mass Media And Digital Media Essay1890 Words   |  8 Pagespublic policy and regulation. Convergence is first evident in cultural forms meaning if the cultural aspect is monitored it will be known how the rest of society is affected or shaped by convergence (Mcquail, 2000). Media convergence allows people to archive, annotate, appropriate and recirculate content, creati ng a participatory folk culture. This suggests a cultural change will affect all aspects of a person’s life. Information and communication technology (ICT) enhances the possibilities of communicationRead MoreEmanuel Medical Center Situational Decision Analysis47698 Words   |  191 Pagesinsured by Medicare or Medi-Cal (California’s Medicaid program). The large numbers of Medicare and Medi-Cal patients exposes the hospital to financial struggles because of low-reimbursement rates that hospitals receive from these programs as a result of providing care. These federally funded programs frequently reimburse at such extremely low rates that hospitals may lose money by treating patients to patients due to the overhead costs associated with providing services. It is important for Emanuel MedicalRead MoreOrganizational Leadership And Team Development3459 Words   |  14 PagesPractitioners and a Pediatric Nurse Practitioner (Family Health Center, n.d.). As a result they s ee patients from pregnancy through adulthood. The clinic sees patients of all socioeconomic levels and accepts PPO’s, Medi-Cal, Medicare, and cash payments. The majority of the patients have Medi-Cal. The clinic serves primarily Caucasian and Hispanic patients. This is reflected by the staff that works there. Many of the non-Hispanic employees also speak Spanish. 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The more powerful, ambitious men occupy themselves with important business dea ls, exciting adventures, and rescuing dependent females, whom they often then assault sexually. From Gendered Lives: Communication, Gender, and Culture by Julie T. Wood, Chapter 9, pp. 231-244. 0 1994. Reprinted with permission ofRead MoreMark and Spencer Essay17749 Words   |  71 PagesMS’ continued to underpin all our campaigns, reminding customers of the unique products that make MS special. Last year we also launched our first ever sub-brand advertising to support the transformation of sub-brands including Autograph and Limited Collection, from ‘labels’ into distinctive, stand-alone brands. Our 2012 summer advertising is perfectly capturing the nation’s celebratory mood. 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Speech as Xerxes Free Essays

Greetings, subjects. My reign was sufficient and completely beneficial to the Persian society, I deserve this power as even Herodetus the Greek writer said with â€Å"among all these immense numbers there was not a man who, for stature and noble bearing, was more worthy than Xerxes to wield so vast a power. I deserved to take the throne, and it was Ahuramazda’s will. We will write a custom essay sample on Speech as Xerxes or any similar topic only for you Order Now Other sons of Darius there were, but thus unto Ahura-Mazda was the desire – Darius my father made me the greatest after himself.When my father Darius went away from the throne, by the will of Ahura-Mazda I became king on my fathers throne. I am of royal decent and Achmaenid blood runs through me as I am Xerxes, the great king, king of kings, king of lands, containing many men, king in this great earth far and wide, son of Darius the king, an Achaemenid, a Persian, son of the Persian, an Aryan, of Aryan seed. I have legitimate reason to access the throne. Greek writers have depicted me as an impetuous, arrogant and sadistic madman.But this is the view of a Greek, not only are the Greeks inferior to me but they are also not going to give an accurate description, and are of course going to be bias. I destroyed parts of their beloved homeland so their views of me can be somewhat inaccurate because of their anger towards me. Greek writers have spoken of me as having negative aspects, but my inscriptions throughout my kingdom say otherwise as I take the good virtues that have been bestowed upon me by Ahura-Mazda. I took care of the revolts in both Egypt and Babylonia swiftly and successfully, with proper actions undertaken to teach the inhabitants a lesson. Egypt lost the privilige of self-government and local autonomy, and even though the Babylonians revolted twice because the first punishment wasn’t as harsh, the second time they revolted they lost their Gods and in effect this stopped the revolts in the future. Greek writers described my actions towards the revolts as trying to crush their religions without thought, but they failed to mention that it is general practice of rulers in dealing with rebellious countries to destroy sanctuaries.As said in an inscription in Persepolis, when my father Darius went away from the throne, I became king on his throne by the grace of Ahuramazda. After I became king, I finished what had been done by my father, and I added other works. The palace through my building program became twice as big as it was in Darius’s reign, there was an innovative design shown in Persepolis with the staircases for example. The palace was not a permenant residentual place, but rather an administrative cen tre and focus for religious ritual with there also being inscriptions that give details of religion.For the war on Greece, the correct decision was made that they must be punished for their assistance in the Ionians revolt so I made preperations for invasion over 4 years. First I decided to take diplomatic measures, so I sent out envoys to demand earth and water from the Greeks. But because Athens and Sparta were my target, I decided best not to ask for their submission but to just punish them and lay the assault on them. I demanded for my subjects of the provinces to send men for the army I was sending, this army was the largest in recorded history said by Herodetus and further determined by modern historians.I decided that the soldiers of my army needed easier movement, so there was a bridge at Hellespont built over the years in preperation. There was the matter of supplies and food for the many warriors that would travel to Greece, so supply depots were set up for easy access of supplies while travelling or waiting. I then entrusted the Egyptians with the task to make the materials to build a bridge across the Strymon River, the bridge was close to the supply depot at Eion. My father previously sent his ships to Greece unaware of the weather condi tions, this resulted in a storm sinking the ships. I learnt from this mistake and built a canal at Mt Athos so the Persian ships could safely pass through. The attack on Greece began at Thermopylae and the cowards hid in the mountains not willing to fight with honor. It was then by the will of Ahura-Mazda that a Greek called Ephialtes came to me and spoke of a mountain pass that allowed us to surround the Greeks and crush their inferior soldiers, Herodetus told the story of the Battle of Thermopylae. After this victory I was then deceived by a Greek who told me that the Greeks were leeing, so the fleet was sent to Salamis and was ambushed unfairly. It was at this defeat I thought it best to retreat and protect the bridges which was the smarter decision in the situation, after this decision was made I left Mardonius in command of the forces and returned to Persia. To carry out my father’s legacy I inherrited his foreign policy in which I was expected to further expand the Persian empire. The three things I was required to do th rough the foreign policy was to punish the Greeks, further expand empire the and to gain personal glory as my predecessors had done. Through the Greek campaign I accomplished the task that was inherrited, I punished the Athenians and burnt their city so my real goal was achieved, I also further expanded the empire to the East with the addition of provinces such as Thrace and Macedonia and I also added territory in the most distant Eastern provinces. Through the building program personal glory was in an obvious way achieved, and the palace in Perespolis showed this and left an impression even after my reign finished. It was also said by J.L O’Neil that I wasn’t interested in military affairs and preferred building activities. Religious policy was properly taken out, as said in an inscription written by myself is that I copied the religion of my father Darius who recognised Ahuramazda as the supreme creator or God. More importantly, I recognise that I was king through the favor of Ahuramazda which was also said in an inscription. Doing this made religion an important political dimension and through thi s I was an instrument of Ahura-Mazda. I strengthened the religion shown in the â€Å"daeva† inscription which eliminated other Gods and made the â€Å"demon† Gods no longer worshipped. I was successful in what was expected of me as a Persian ruler, I demonstrated that I was fit to rule the empire and I continued my fathers legacy. Inscriptions throughout Persia said that even after the retreat from Greece my subjects still respected me and thought of me as a great king, showing that the loss did not damage Persian society. How to cite Speech as Xerxes, Papers

American Immigration free essay sample

Immigration in the United States has been a major contribution to population growth and cultural change throughout much of the nations history. Throughout the years 1880 through 1925 the United States witnessed a rise in immigration. Many of these foreigners came to America in hopes of striking it rich, get away from monarchies, and just simply be free as America was known for (Doc A). In the early 1880’s, immigration was gladly welcomed, but as time progressed, government saw it as a growing problem. The many aspects of immigration caused controversy in economic benefits, jobs for the non-immigrants, settlement patterns, crime, and even voting behavior. Congress has passed laws that have to do with immigrants especially in the 19th century such as the Chinese Exclusion Act in 1882, and the Immigration Act of 1903 all to insure specific laws and boundaries to be set on immigrants. The life of immigrants has been drastically changed throughout the years of 1880-1925 through American suspicion of European communism, and the immigrant resistance to Americanization. We will write a custom essay sample on American Immigration or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Much of the controversy that was brought up during this time period was based on the fact that immigrants were coming over and taking over many jobs of the non-immigrants. Many Americans saw it unfair that the immigrants were gaining the wages that the Americans thought they deserved. They didn’t find it fair that the immigrants just marched into America and demanded job opportunities, but that was what America was known for. Many groups of people were against the job openings for immigrants especially the National Peoples Party (Document C), who spoke out against the unfair laws, and demanded an end to any form of emigration. There were also many other groups of people that opposed the way the immigrants decided to live their lives, because most of the workers would just go over to the United States take jobs, earn money, and then return to their birth place (Doc. B). These people also feared they would lose their jobs to these new immigrants that business would hire for cheaper pay. As a way to place boundaries and limit the amount of immigrants pouring in, Congress passed laws to insure specific laws to be set on solely immigrants. Laws such as Exclusion Act in 1882, the Gentlemen’s Agreement, and the Immigration Act of 1924 were instituted in order to control the composition of the U. S. population and effectively control immigration from European and Asian decent.

Filipino Social Acceptance Essay Example

Filipino Social Acceptance Essay Adrian Carl C. Flores Dorm: matapat Age : 16 Sex : Male Birth Date : September 30,1993 Address : Kapuong 1993 kapilya, Tondo Manila Educational Attainment : High school Civil : Single Occupation : Delivery Boy Date of Admission : December. 22, 2011 Date Administered Test : February 7, 2013 Case : Frustrated murder Social Worker : Mam Shiena I. General Observation The subject wears Sando,Black Short . He is in fair complex, black eyes and bald. Noticeably he was some mole in his neck . Among the 4 siblings. He is the youngest. At the very young age her mother left them and the only one that will take care of them is her father. But later on her father died so that no one will lead them to make good decision making. The absence of his parents is one of the factor that will lead him to do undesirable things in life. The subject while talking the test was quit. We will write a custom essay sample on Filipino Social Acceptance specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Filipino Social Acceptance specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Filipino Social Acceptance specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer But when he saw some of her dormate he talk even though I am in front of him. And hesitant especially in drawing because he claimed that he does not know how to draw perfectly. On the other hand he was able to draw as much as he could. I. Test AdministeredDate Administered DAP11-16-12 SSCT11-20-12 RAVEN11-21-12 BENDER11-22-12 II. The result and interpretation DAP The test showed his tendencies of being suspicious to other people. He suffers from oral aggression . He has a problem to control his anger. He has sexual conflict and conflict about his body. SACH SENTENCE Based on the test result, it shows that the subject has conflict towards his parent. He wishes the presence of his parent. He has a mild difficulty in accepting challenges in her life. He has difficulty at work . he feels rejected and isolated but he tried to be optimistic. BENDER The test revealed that the subject is emotionally disturbed maybe because of the quickly losing her parents. There is an evident anxiety and difficulty toward her interpersonal relationship. He tried to be socially accepted but his suspicious surface take place when he is in conflct. RAVENS PROGRESSIVE Raw Score : 40 Percentile : 25% Grade : III Level of Intelligence : Intellectually Average IVSummary The subject appeared to Deny persistent feeling of guilt and insecurity. His poor disposition was a factor that hinders him and made him suffer from a feeling of inferiority and and isolationt hat may cause him depression. Only if he has a strong family foundation, it may display positive visualization towards his goal in life and has a strong decision making. Jason Ubina Dorm: Reception Age : 16 Sex : Male Birth Date : November 19,1996 Address : 1464 Ilang –Ilang St. Pandacan Manila Educational Attainment : High school Civil : Single Occupation : Computer Technician Date of Admission : March 9, 2013 Date Administered Test : February 7, 2013 Case : Marijuana User Social Worker : Daddy Erwin II. General Observation The subject wears White T-shirt ,Black Short and slippers. He is in dark complex, black eyes and bald. Noticeably he has tattoo on his wrist and finger and mole n hid neck. Among the 4 siblings. He is the youngest. The subject while talking the test was quit. But when he saw some of her dormate he talks even though I am in front of him. Some of the time. He is complaining about the question in test I giving. III. Test AdministeredDate Administered DAP11-16-12 SSCT11-20-12 RAVEN11-21-12 BENDER11-22-12 IV. The result and interpretation DAP The test showed that the subject is optimistic. He recognizes the male is the more powerful which is normal. The subject is more on impulsive behavior rather than intellectual. He needs to control expression of aggression. SACH SENTENCE Based on the test result, it shows that the subject has conflict towards his father. He wishes the presence of his father. He has a mild difficulty in accepting challenges in her life. He regret on his past experiences and seem mildly disturbed by the failure to control of his trouble that he make. Even though there are things that is not unpleasant he trid to be optimistic and to be patient. BENDER The test revealed that the subject is one of the aggressive type. He suffered from a feeling of insecurity and self doubt. RAVENS PROGRESSIVE Raw Score : 39 Percentile : 25% Grade : III Level of Intelligence : Intellectually Average IVSummary The subject appeared to deny persistent feeling of guilt and his problem controlling aggression. The subject has the tendencies to be self oriented, optimistic and aggressive. His poor disposition was a factor that hinders him and made him suffer from a feeling of inferiority and and isolation hat may cause him depression. Only if he has a strong family foundation, it may display positive visualization towards his goal in life and has a strong decision making. Rogie Mar Perez Dorm: Reception Age : 17 Sex : Male Birth Date : November 3, 1995 Address : 1478 Fugoso St. Sta. Cruz Manila Educational Attainment : High school Civil : Single Occupation : Mineral water Boy Date of Admission : February 26, 2013 Date Administered Test : February 27, 2013 Case : Rubbery Social Worker : Mam Mel III. General Observation The subject wears Blue T-shirt, Black Short and slippers. He is in dark complex, black eyes and bald. Noticeably he has tattoo on his left arm. Among the 3siblings. He is the Eldest. He is a married person. He has one child. His fathers were on ail when he was young so that he mother are the only one that is supporting them financially. The subject while talking the test was quit. He follow instruction quickly an d participate properly. Test AdministeredDate Administered DAP11-16-12 SSCT11-20-12 RAVEN11-21-12 BENDER11-22-12 V. The result and interpretation DAP He does not recognize the role of sexes. He suffered from social anxiety that may cause him depression. He suffered from being self indulgence and self centered. He did not listen to the opinion of other. He feel discriminate. SACH SENTENCE Based on the test result, it shows that the subject has conflict towards his father. He wishes the presence of his father. He always want approval of others before committing emotionally. He is extremely suspicious about other people. HE has Mild difficulty in accepting challenges in life. BENDER The test revealed that the subject ha s low tolerance of frustration. He has a feeling of insecurity and compulsive self doubt. He thinks negative in some aspect of her life. . He tried to be socially accepted but his suspicious surface take place when he is in conflict. RAVENS PROGRESSIVE Raw Score : 44 Percentile : 50% Grade : III Level of Intelligence : Intellectually Average IVSummary The subject appeared to be socially distrcted. There is an evident anxiety frustration and suspicious thingking. His poor disposition was a factor that hinders him and made him suffer from a feeling of inferiority and and isolation hat may cause him depression. Only if he has a strong family foundation, it may display positive visualization towards his goal in life and has a strong decision making.

Exploring The Concept Of Empowerment Social Work Essay Essay Example

Exploring The Concept Of Empowerment Social Work Essay Essay Example Exploring The Concept Of Empowerment Social Work Essay Essay Exploring The Concept Of Empowerment Social Work Essay Essay Authorization can be defined in general as the capacity of persons, groups and/or communities gain control of their fortunes and achieve their ain ends, thereby being able to work towards assisting themselves and others to maximize the quality of their lives. In wellness and societal attention empowerment means patients, carers and service users exerting pick and taking control of their lives. It is non that one is empowered agencies he or she become all powerful like God. Even if we are empowered still we have restriction. Actual significance of authorization is that one feels that he or she able and feels powerful plenty in certain state of affairss to take portion in determination devising. I besides will explicate how political relations played a portion in disempowering adult females in wellness and societal attention services. It is a greatest challenge in wellness and societal attention to accomplish advancement with the authorization of carers and people who receive services. Beginnings of 20th century adult females were disempowered because of political relations played a portion. Emancipation is a normally used word in other western European states to mention to what in the UK mean by authorization. The word emancipation has is utile because it has overtones of the battle for ballots for adult females in Britain at the beginning of the 20th century, so it reminds us that authorization in the wellness and societal services has a political facet. When carers and people who use services experience being disempowered and excluded, this is a signifier of political disenfranchisement. In other words, it is as though they have no ballot and are non treated as full members of society. In contrast, when people become empowered, they can exert picks and have the possibility of maximizing their possible and living full and active lives. There is a tenseness between enabling people to take control of their lives and recognizing that workers may necessitate to step in and take control sometimes, in order to protect other people. This applies to both authorization and protagonism. Authorization for people with larning disablements is the procedure by which they develop increased accomplishments to take control of their lives. This will assist them accomplish ends and aspirations, maximizing their quality of life. A cardinal characteristic in authorising people is giving them a voice and actively listening to what they have to state. Empowerment is, hence, closely linked to the construct of protagonism. Authorization in larning disablement can be described as a societal procedure, whereby people who are considered as belonging to a stigmatised societal group can be assisted to develop increased accomplishments to take control of their lives. This increased control will assist them to accomplish their ends and aspirations and therefore potentially maximize the quality of their lives. The construct has connexions with assertiveness and independency and is clearly linked to the assorted signifiers of protagonism. When sing the current clime it is slightly an indictment on our times that the Government sees the demand to call the White Paper sing its vision for larning disablement services as Valuing People . The rubric entirely reciprocally suggests that as a society we are not valuing people . The content presents the grounds on degrees of exclusion, disempowerment and deficiency of valued societal functions confronting those with a learning disablement and how services should be planned to turn to this. ( A similar Scottish Executive Review of Learning Disability has the rubric The Same As You . ) For the person with a learning disablement, the subjective experience of authorization is about rights, pick and control which can take them to a more independent life style. For the professional, it is about anti-oppressive pattern, equilibrating rights and duties and back uping pick and empowerment whilst keeping safe and ethical pattern. Education is frequently seen as the chief engine of authorization, equality and rights of entree. Therefore, as a group, people with a learning disablement can be at a peculiar disadvantage. They may hold to be enabled and supported to possibly get the better of societal obstructions and can be dependent on others to do of import information accessible to them, help them with protagonism and assist safeguard their rights. A cardinal characteristic in authorising persons is giving them a voice and so listening actively to what they have got to state. Person Centred Planning with its focal point on puting the person at the Centre of the procedure and utilizing techniques to obtain meaningful engagement can be a major part to happening out what people have got to state. Empowerment will convey along with it rights and duties plus besides possible hazards for people. It is frequently the fright of physical hazard which can suppress empowerment procedures for people who see themselves as responsible for vulnerable people. They may fear a blasted civilization if things go incorrect. Surprisingly, every bit late as 1998, the Social Services Inspectorate noted there were no systematic attacks for hazard appraisal and direction in the field of larning disablement. The Foundation for People with a Learning Disability set out to place good pattern in how to accommodate the tenseness between guaranting the safety of an person with a learning disablement and authorising them to bask a full life in the community. A study was produced called Empowerment and Protection ( Alaszewski et al, 1999 ) which suggested that administrations needed to develop hazard policies which embrace both protection and empowerment issues at the same point. The definition of hazard should look at effects and chance. Procedures should besides include, from the start, the wants and demands of the individual who has the acquisition disablement and affect them throughout, including the determination devising phase. Such remarks about administrations developing appropriate hazard schemes show that authorization is non at that place merely as a construct for front line staff, but should perforate the strategic planning degrees. Valuing People provinces ( Section 4.27 ) that people with a learning disablement should be consulted for their positions on services and these positions utilised at a corporate planning degree. In Mrs Ali instance she is empowered by Muslim spiritual religion to take of her bed-bound hubby although in contrast her attention taker Jean believes that Mrs Ali should be empowered. This indicates faith besides empower some people to take attention vulnerable people.

Nasir's Rise to Power in Egypt Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Nasir's Rise to Power in Egypt - Assignment Example Though he did not become President until 1954, he openly supported a way of life for Egypt that included no presence of Western countries whatsoever, with successful results (Rose & Boxberger, 2000). This, and many other things, was to work towards his benefit during his years as President. Nasir was able to rise to such a position for several reasons. First and foremost was the feeling throughout the country that the British had stayed quite long enough (Rose & Boxberger, 2000). Nasir, who longed for a country and region with no Western influence, was the logical choice for president. Second, Nasir had great dreams and visions for the country, and felt that it had been kept not only under the thumb of Western influence but also as a second-rate country for far too long (Trueman, 2000). This gave him a starting point, a place from which Egypt could work its way from. He felt that the poverty of Egypt, as well as the lack of national pride, could be mended if the right steps were taken, such as nationalizing the Suez Canal, a move which brought him head-to-head with the former British controllers of his country and ultimately showed that Egypt was ready to stand on its own (Trueman, 2000). By the time this was realized, Nasir had not only won a monetary victory for his country, but a social one as well. He also knew the disregard for the framework of the country, its internal workings, and how little attention under the rule of the British had been paid to them (Trueman, 2000). By focusing his energies on his country, instead of far-off conquest, Nasir was able to bring not only national pride but unity to Egypt. Nasir was beloved by Egypt for many reasons. He was able to show the people of the country that he was willing to take on anything in their favor, and make sure that not only the former rulers of Egypt but the world knew that Egypt would be nothing but

Personal statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 7

Personal Statement Example I soon came to realize that I could admire and respect those teaching professionals who are equipped, through education and experience, to provide students with a well-rounded curriculum as well as serving as advocates when the student requires additional support in a variety of different domains. This is why the university experience has been so valuable and why I continue to seek to improve my lifelong learning and worldview. Before becoming a student at Bangor University, I was enrolled at the Beijing Institute of Technology where, during the first year, I struggled to achieve more than average marks in Financial Accounting and Management Accounting. It was not because the curriculum was significantly difficult, it was simply due to my own unfamiliarity with radically different teaching methods in the UK as opposed to Chinese teaching methodology. However, I was determined to rectify what I perceived to be a minor deficiency, communicating to my tutors that I was having problems a djusting to the UK culture. Because of the aforementioned support, I was able to make the appropriate adjustment, learn about the absolute value of diversity and cultural disparity and achieve much higher marks by eliminating apprehension that once existed due to said lack of knowledge about the UK educational and social environment. I ultimately scored an 80 in Finance in my 2012-2013 academic year which was, in my opinion, a significant achievement and improvement of which I am quite pleased. It was, again, through the excellence of those engaged in the university experience that allowed me to exceed any boundaries and find personal fulfillment associated with high achievement. The university experience has given me many new perspectives and assisted in broadening my scope of knowledge that, today, allows me to successfully examine a variety of academic theories and effectively apply them to real life business and social scenarios. Some of this growth can be attributed to my volun teer work at the Beijing Institute of Technology in which I was responsible for introducing new students to the campus lifestyle and assisting them in adjusting to the living conditions of the campus and accommodating their needs to improve study and general lifestyle. It was my responsibility to map out efficient routes between the main study buildings, restaurants and any other campus-related need, thus essentially serving as a student-to-student advocate of which I received much appreciation and friendship development. Through this volunteer program at BIT, I further enhanced knowledge of cultural diversity and the absolute importance of embracing diversity in both an academic and social context. I am greatly satisfied with the outcomes that I experienced in the volunteer program which not only equipped me with a better understanding of human needs and behaviours, but also enhancing my preparation and management skills. On a personal note, I have a wide variety of hobbies that he lp to cultivate my abilities and further expose me to cultural differences within a social context. I am well-skilled in dance and in piano which not only allow me to embrace the beauty of the arts, but also improve intrinsic drive and ambition to succeed. I have found that my involvement in the arts serves as a motivational force that continues to further develop my capabilities as dance and piano require deep commitment and determination, which are two success

Financing Education in Developing Countries

Financing Education in Developing Countries How should developing countries finance university education? Explain your answer with cross reference to developed country experiences of financing University Education. Word Count: 4023 1. Introduction Education, its nature, purpose, its provision, and most importantly, its funding, are major topics of cultural and ideological debates which remain a central point of concern even today. Till the 1980s, the social democratic consensus, in England and New Zealand for example, considered education to be a public good, and therefore an indispensable service, provided by the state, to all citizens equally, without direct charge. The New Zealand Treasure writers, for example, argue that education doesnt belong to the marketplace. It should be considered a Natural Sphere and a public good which needs state intervention (The New Zealand Treasury, 1987). However, New-Right arguments of the 1980s challenged this school of thought, asserting education is a commodity which should be left to the market forces with minimum state intervention (Grace, 1994). Barr (1993), for example, asserts education is not a public good since it does not exhibit the three reflections of public goods: non-rivalnes s, non-excludability and non-rejection (Barr, 1993). This lead to the dilemma of financing higher education: How should countries finance higher education? This essay begins with a theoretical framework, looking at the human capital theory to understand why education is important followed by a brief discussion on the key issues concerning financing higher education to understand why cost sharing has become a popular phenomenon over the years. Major alternatives to state financing are discussed using examples from different countries followed by a conclusion and a brief policy recommendation. 2. Theoretical Framework 2.1 Human Capital Theory Education is considered to be, both, a consumer and capital good (Okemakinde, 2008), because not only does it offer utility to a consumer, but also acts as input towards the production of other goods and services. It is, therefore, also considered to be highly effective and even necessary, to bring about an improvement in the production capacity of a country.   (Okemakinde, 2008) With the increase in economic development and structural change the requirement for skilled workers is increasing across all economies, resulting in an increasing demand for employees with higher education ( Department of Education and Training, 2015). Authors including Okemakinde (2008 ) and Psacharopoulos (1986) consider formal education to be an investment in human capital (table 1). The human capital theory, thus, encourages investment in education both in developing and developed countries (I. Fà ¤gerlind, 2002). Figure 1 Returns to investment in education by country type and level (Psacharopoulos, 1986) Education and development policies have largely been based on the theoretical framework of the Human Capital Theory, which stresses on the high returns of education, in terms of productivity and efficiency of workers, and eventually economic development (Ozturk, 2001). 2.2 State funding and the need for alternatives Countries with socio-political ideologies consider education to be a public good and, consequently, should be free or considerably subsidised. This ideology claims the society to be the major beneficiary of higher education and asserts substantial taxes can be raised, progressive in nature, if there is political will and proper leadership. Such taxes will cover costs of education, allowing students, especially among the poor, to have equal access to education (Johnstone, 2003). Previously, higher education in most developing countries was predominantly financed and provided by the government (Psacharopoulos, 1986), such as majority of Sub-Saharan Africa (Teferra, 2013) (McGavin, 1991), India (Tilak, 1995) and China (Cheng, 1995).   However, Psacharopoulos (1986) argues such a system lacks sustainability, efficiency and quality. In fact, till the 1960s most universities in the UK were funded by the state. As seen in figure 2, the shift away from public funding has increased the participation rate in higher education in the UK (Haynes, 2003). Figure 2 Index of student numbers and public funding for higher education, 1980/1-1999/2000 (Haynes, 2003) A dominant theme of higher education throughout the world in the 1990s has been financial distress (Johnstone, 1998). The upsurge in the demand for financing higher education (Johnstone, 2003), coupled with constrained public budgets, has been a major challenge faced by governments in both, developing as well as developed countries (Woodhall 2007,   Akpochafo 2009).   However, as the number of students enrolled in higher education increased, the subsidies introduced when enrollments were low proved to be unsustainable (Woodhall, 2007). According to Woodhall (2007), with the expansion of higher education systems and the difficulty addressing the costs of higher education through public expenditure, the last twenty years have seen major changes in how higher education has been financed worldwide. These include; an introduction of tuition fees in countries where higher education was free, a substantial increase in tuition fees and a shift towards student loans (Woodhall, 2007). Therefore, parallel systems of financial assistance and cost sharing have been introduced so that students and parents arent burdened by the cost of university education and equality and accessibility isnt compromised (Johnstone, 1998). 3. Alternative Methods of Financing Higher Education 3.1 Tuition fees, selective scholarships and grants Most developed countries shifted costs of education from taxpayers to students, in the form of tuition fees, decades ago. Tuition and fees in public and private universities have established in the US for a long time (Johnstone, 1998).The tuition fees for UK full-time undergraduates at a university in the UK were paid from public funds until 1998, when tuition fee was introduced (Barr, 1998).   This trend is now being followed by developing countries as well (Johnstone 1998, Salmi 1998, Hans de Wit 2005). Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, and Jamaica have higher levels of student financing, similar to those seen in Ireland, the Republic of Korea, and Spain. (Hans de Wit, 2005) Figure 3   cost recovery at public universities in Latin America and the Caribbean (Hans de Wit, 2005) In countries like as Bolivia, Guatemala and Thailand, cost recovery is low, or nonexistent like Brazil and Argentina, as seen in figure 3. It is important to note the drop-out rates in these countries. According to Hans De Wit (2005), the annual number of graduates in Columbia has risen over time as opposed to Argentina, where education is publically funded and drop-out rate is higher (figure 4). Figure 4 annual number of students admitted to and graduated universities in Argentina and Columbia, 1982-2001 (Hans de Wit, 2005) Johnstone   (1998) notes higher education in Hungary faced problems like inefficiency, inequality and lack of responsiveness to the market economy. The public sector was financing higher education, spending 86% per capita GDP on higher education in 1993 alone. This, compared to 45% in OECD countries and 30% in Germany, is a considerably high amount. As a result, the need for a shift in cost burden was felt. In 1995 full-time students paid a monthly tuition fee of HUF 2000 in public universities, while part-time students paid up to HUF 8000 per month. In order to ensure equality in access, tuition fee was fully or partially waived, based on academic merit or financial need, for one-fifth of the students (Johnstone, 1998). Figure 5 Higher education in Hungary, 1990/91 versus 2006/07 (Marcucci, 2008) The state support per student was 40 % lower in 1998 than it had been in 1990. Reforms in 2005 recommend state funding for at least 35% of graduate students and 10% for doctoral students and in 2007 the Ministry of Education allotted 60% of its scholarship funds to merit based students and 35-40% to students in need of financial aid (Marcucci, 2008). This shift of the cost burden away from the government resulted in an increase in overall participation rate in Hungary (figure 5). According to Rosovsky (2001), during the 1990s, Makerere University in Uganda moved from a situation where the government covered all running costs and students did not pay for education to one where more than 70 % of the students paid, resulting in twice the amount of student enrolment and development of infrastructure. While imposing tuition fee is considered to shift the burden of financing higher education away from the government, it is argued that tuition fees or increasing it at a rapid rate might exclude potential students from disadvantaged families. (Johnstone, 2003), thus compromising on the access and equity of university education. 3.2 Loans and deferred payment schemes Financial aid such as loans, means-tested grants and selective scholarships are being introduced to preserve equity and access to university education (Psacharopoulos 1986, Johnstone 1998). Comparing grants and scholarships to loans and other types of deferred payments, the latter tends to relieve the burden of the cost of higher education on the government and raise the universitys revenue. Loans are also more likely to encourage the involvement of market forces, thus leading to efficiency and increased responsiveness of the university (Johnstone, 2003). Furthermore, the problem of exclusion associated with rising tuition fees can be met with the availability of loans and deferred payment schemes that dont consider the financial worth of students and their families (Johnstone, 2003). Student loans in Hungary, sponsored and guaranteed by the government, were introduced by a student loan company owned by the Hungarian State, Dià ¡khitel Kà ¶zpont, in 2001 (Marcucci, 2008). These loans cover tuition fees and living costs, are not means-tested and are available to all students enrolled in public and private higher education institutions in Hungary or the European Economic Area (ibid), thus ensuring equity and access. Other forms of deferred payments, where students bear a certain share of the cost burden and repay the amount gradually, once they have been employed, are also an alternative to recovering expenses. (Johnstone 1998, 2003). Examples of such payment schemes are graduate taxes, a concept never fully adopted (Barr, 1998), the income surtax implemented in Australia (Johnstone, 1998, 2003), and the drawdown pension payment system implemented to repay the student loan fund in Ghana (Johnstone, 2003). In the graduate tax system, the current cost burden incurred by the government for the support of education is not immediately relieved. However, over time, future income surtax payments, which are collectively (potentially) sizeable, albeit highly uncertain, shift the ultimate financial burden away from the government (Johnstone, 1998).   In this system, students incur low or no tuition and living costs. However, once they start earning they have to pay more income tax than they would have otherwise (ibid). The more one earns the more one pays back, thus argued to be progressive in nature and believed to prevent high debt rates among graduate students (BBC, 2010). The Australian Higher Education Contribution Scheme launched in 1998 provided income contingent loans through the Higher Education Loan Programme to help students pay their tuition fee (Johnstone, 1998). Students start repaying the debt once their income is above a certain amount ($54,126 in 2015-2016).   The amount is readjusted on a yearly basis to reflect any changes in Consumer Price Index, thus maintaining the real value of the debt. Participation levels of domestic students in higher education have increased from 3.7% of the population between the ages of 15 to 64 in 1989 to 6.6% in 2014 ( Department of Education and Training, 2015). Figure 6 and 7 show a sharp increase in participation of students after income contingent loans, or graduate taxes, were introduced. Figure 6 Domestic higher education participation and bachelor or higher attainment 1989-2014 ( Department of Education and Training, 2015) Figure 7 University participation by SES: 1988-99 persons (Chapman, 2005) However, such schemes are also critiqued to be inefficient and politically costly (Johnstone, 2003). High earners might choose to work out of the country to avoid the graduate tax. Not only will this result in tax being evaded but also may lead to a brain drain (BBC, 2010). Other than student emigration, payments are often lost due to high defaults and lack of tax records. As Johnstone (1998) notes, applicability of graduate tax to developing countries depends on the degree to which the income tax system can be trusted. Additionally high costs associated with servicing and collecting make such schemes a less attractive option (Johnstone, 2003). According to Psacharopoulos (1986), loans encourage expenditure on education. If the returns to investment in university education are high, loans will help students invest in education, or human capital, consequently increasing the demand for higher education and the flow of private resources into the sector (Psacharopoulos, 1986). However, problems associated with lending loans, such as high collection costs and substantial cases of evasion, have discouraged the development of effective schemes for financing higher education in developing countries. Private banks find the risks and costs of lending too large to incur without charging a prohibitive interest rate, resulting in the governments providing or funding loan programs for students (Psacharopoulos, 1986). Repayment, especially in developing countries, is a major cause of concern associated with lending loans. According to Tilak (1995), only 5.9% of the investments made on student loan programmes in India during 1963-64 to 1987-88 were recovered. Furthermore, according to Johnstone (2003), the willingness to borrow and lend is important since students prefer their financial aid to be non-repayable 3.3   Expansion of private universities Since most developing countries have a highly centralised education sector, stringent rules and barriers restrict the operation and contribution of community run and private institutions. Easing these controls and decentralising management will allow mobilisation of private and local resources in the education sector, reducing the fiscal burden on the government (Psacharopoulos, 1986). The lack of available places in state universities led to the establishment of private universities (Oyebade, 2008). Romania had no private universities before 1989. Laws passed in 1990 resulted in the creation of 70 private institutions, almost all of them claiming university status and enrolling one-third of total enrolments in higher education (Johnstone, 1998). In 1981 in Chile the number of private and public universities charging tuition fees increased. In 1990, 52.4% of the total enrolment was provided for by private universities with no funding from the state. The state, previously incurring all costs, financed only 27% in 1990.   The increasing number of private universities helped meet the rising demand for university education, increased access to higher education and increased diversity, with no costs incurred by the government. However, this change also resulted in an increased tuition fee, falling quality and an uncontrolled rise in the number of private institutions (Johnstone, 1998). Oyebade (2008) finds private universities in Nigeria have increased from 3 institutions in 1999 to 24 in 2006. However, Oyebade adds, the cost of private university education and the poverty level may lead to problems like lack of access and equity. With 90 million people living in absolute poverty in Nigeria, the enrolment of students in private universities is effected considerably. Only one of the seven universities operational in 2005, were fully enrolled and the remaining six, despite being functional for over six years, were not. Private institutions are widely criticized for their lack of quality, as seen in Chile in 1990, and equity, as seen in Nigeria. Additionally, Johnstone (1998) adds, their sustainability is also questionable since their major source of revenue is tuition fees alone. 4. Entrepreneurial Activities Another alternative to finance higher education is generating income through entrepreneurial activities such as selling services, contracting research and renting out facilities. Exploring new ways of generating revenue is a great way for universities to improve quality, be more innovative and increase their relevance in the society by providing services in response to the societys needs (Hans de Wit, 2005). Universities in Mexico began to realise the need for internal revenue generation since government support was not likely to grow, consequently, turning towards entrepreneurial activities, involving faculty and students to raise extra income. Different departments began to generate revenue by providing services and specialised courses (Johnstone, 1998). According to Rena (2006), the University of Zambia and Eduardo Mondlane University in Mozambique have benefited from entrepreneurial activity in the form of improved capacity, information and revenue by establishing and linking internet nodes to local electronic networks and selling their subscriptions. Rena (2006) also adds Ghana and Nsukkas initiatives of consulting activities have proven to be a successful entrepreneurial activity. Ghana claimed a profit of 9% on total revenue of US$22700 in 1991 by providing consultancies through their consultancy centre. Nsukka indicated a profit of US$35,238 through its consultancies between 1982 and 1991. With an income of US$90,398, the consultants received 50% of the profits while the university received 30% and the department received 20%. In Makerere University in Uganda, where previously the government incurred all costs of education, recent entrepreneurial activity generated more than 30% of revenue (Rosovsky, 2001). Makerere has raised revenue through evening classes, commercially running their bookshop and bakery and establishing a consultancy bureau with staff where a portion of the generated revenue goes back into the university (ibid). Universities in China generated income through university enterprises, commissioned training programs and educational services, research (Cheng, 1995) and consultancies and logistic services (World Bank, 1997). According to World Banks report (1997) revenue generated from universities contribute to around 3.7% of total higher education revenue in China. In Shanghai, 50 universities ran approximately 700 enterprises with the total revenue of Y 1 billion in 1992 alone. Fudan Universitys entrepreneurial activities raised a total revenue of Y 20 million, out of which Y 2 million was invested back into the university (World Bank, 1997). Commissioned training, an effective way to earn additional revenue due to the rising demand for skill upgrading, was the second largest source of revenue, constituting around 2.3% of total higher education revenue.   Provision of educational services added up to about 1.1% of the total revenue. For example, the Department of Law of Peking University gene rated revenue by providing short training courses on recently implemented laws to employees belonging to public and private organisations. Income from research and consultancy added up to 1.3% of the revenue in 1992. Income from research in 36 national universities added up to Y1.12 billion. Additionally, logistical services such as running dining halls and hostels, although not highly lucrative, constituted around 0.7% of the revenue (ibid). According to Johnstone (1998), most risks associated with entrepreneurship in developing countries can be overcome by ensuring the activities are legalised and are supported with clear regulations and transparency and efficiency in management and procedures. Entrepreneurial activities, such as those carried out in China, Africa and Mexico, have not only benefitted the universities by raising extra revenue, but also benefitted the economy by increasing responsiveness to consumer needs. 5. Philanthropic: Philanthropic activities and initiatives targeted towards higher education can build up funds for scholarships and grants in public and private universities. Although many cultures and societies have a strong tradition of charity, however, these contributions often ignore higher education since it is either considered a private good or the responsibility of the government (Johnstone, 2003) The Aga Khan University and the Lahore University of Management Sciences, top ranking universities in Pakistan (HEC, 2016), are good examples of successful philanthropic initiatives, established and partly operated through private philanthropy (Rosovsky, 2001). Donations made to educational institutes in china are either used as merit scholarships for students, for faculty training overseas or construction of university buildings bearing the name of the donor (World Bank, 1997). However, most initiatives cannot depend on such financial generosity in developing countries (Rosovsky, 2001). Small provincial universities in underdeveloped, far-flung areas are rarely the recipients of such donations, augmenting the problem of rising disparity between universities and inequalities (World Bank, 1997). 6. Part-time employment for students According to Johnstone (2003), many American students hold jobs that require 20 to 40 hours a week. The encouragement and financial support of the Federal Work-Study Program, which partially subsidises education, and an economy that has an abundance of summer and term-time, part-time employment opportunities, has allowed students in the US to finance their education to a great extent. However, for this to be possible, a robust economy with widespread availability to such low-paying but readily available jobs is necessary. This feature may be largely absent in many countries, especially in developing countries (ibid). 7. Distance learning The trend of distance education has quickly spread across various countries including Bangladesh, China, India, Indonesia, Korea, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, the Philippines, and Thailand (Johnstone, 1998). China, for example, has a network of provincial universities, and a television university, for distance learning programs and education (Johnstone, 1998). After the 1986 National Policy on Education in India, open and distance universities became a means of overcoming the problem inequity and unmet demand for higher education (Tilak, 1995). Approximately 3 million part-time students and 4 million full-time students in India were enrolled in correspondence courses (Johnstone, 1998), which are considered to generate revenue much above the correspondence costs (Tilak, 1995). Distance education and open learning programs can be an effective way of increasing access to university education at moderate costs (Johnstone, 1998). 8. Policy recommendations and conclusion Psacharopoulos (1986) posits generous scholarship schemes covering tuition costs and living expenses are not suitable in the long run because over time, as lower income students start to enrol in higher education, the cost of providing grants and scholarships will become a burden on the government. An increase in the role of private actors in the provision of, and contribution to, higher education is a   popular recommendation (Psacharopoulos   1986,   Johnstone 1998). However, some oversight and regulation may be needed to ensure standards are maintained fraudulent operators are kept at bay.   As Johnstone (1998) suggests, privatisation should be used as a tool to increase access to education, however, the government should continue to provide monitoring and regulation.   Additionally, a greater role of private and community-run schools will encourage competition, eventually leading to higher efficiency and managerial accountability (Psacharopoulos, 1986). Furthermore, Oyebade (2008) stresses on the need for effective student aid programmes, like loan facilities that have a repayment system that is easily traceable, so that students are able to incur the costs of private university education. Psacharopoulos (1986) emphasises on complementing the shift towards increased private financing with the provision student loans and limited selective scholarships, thus not compromising on access of education. Loans allow students to finance their current studies so that those with limited funds arent denied selection into higher education.   Furthermore, to further avoid selection bias and ensure access, the Psacharopoulos (1986) suggests the use of selective scholarships granted on the basis of financial need and academic merit. This will not only provide students with an incentive to perform better but also ease the financial burden of students belonging to poor families, thus minimising inequalities in access to university education. Johnstone (1998) suggests the introduction of private higher education supported through tuition fees, thus shifting the cost away from the government. He further suggests the introduction of loans and means-tested grants to ensure equity and access to higher education. Psacharopoulos (1986) recommends developing a credit market for higher education, where access to education can be augmented through widely available loans and deferred payment schemes. In countries where collection of loans poses a problem,   an alternative being used is repayment in kind through national service (Psacharopoulos, 1986). Educations institutions can raise significant income by offering various products and services such as training programs, marketing the expertise of faculty, carrying out laboratory tests, renting facilities, research and consultancies and centralised programs for teacher training (Rosovsky, 2001). In recent years, it has become possible and permissible for companies to pay for manpower supplied by higher education, for example commissioned training where employers pay a fee in return for a training course for their employees. Another means is rewarded allocation where institutions ask for a fee from the employers in return for the employment of a graduate. The fees being a compensation for the training cost of the manpower provided (Cheng, 1995). Policies encouraging such activities will not only generate additional revenue but encourage innovation and allow educational institutions to provide products and services the society needs. Lastly, part-time and seasonal jobs should be encouraged through state policies and programs, such as the Federal Work-Study Program in the US. Part-time jobs should be readily available for students so that they are able to finance their studies. Additionally, this method not only shifts the cost burden of higher education away from the students families but also decreases the dependency of students on other means of financing such as state funding, loans, scholarships or grants. References Department of Education and Training, 2015. Higher Education in Australia. Barr, N., 1993. The economics of the welfare state. Barr, N. A., 1998. Economics of the Welfare State. BBC, 2010. Tuition fees and graduate tax: Whats the difference?, s.l.: s.n. Bruce Chapman, C. R., 2005. The access implications of income-contingent charges forhigher education: lessons from Australia. Cheng, K.-m., 1995. A Chinese model of higher education? Lessons from reality. In: L. B. a. K. King, ed. Learning from Experience: Policy and Practice in Aid to Higher Education. s.l.:s.n. Grace, G., 1994. Education is a Public Good: On the Need to Resist the Domination of Economic Science . In: Education and the Market Place. s.l.:Psychology Press. Hans de Wit, I. C. J. J. G.-à . a. J. K., 2005. Higher Education in Latin America: The International Dimension. Haynes, D. G. a. M., 2003. Funding Higher Education in the UK: The Role of Fees and Loans. HEC, 2016. 5 th Ranking of Pakistani Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) 2015. I. Fà ¤gerlind, L. J. S., 2002. Education and National Development: A Comparative Perspective. s.l.:s.n. Johnstone, B., 2003. Cost Sharing in Higher Education: Tuition, Financial Assistance, and Accessibility in a Comparative Perspective. Johnstone, D. B., 1998. The Financing and Management of Higher Education: A Status Report on Worldwide Reforms. Marcucci, M. S. a. P., 2008. Higher Education Finance and Cost-Sharing in Hungary. McGavin, P. A., 1991. Reform in the Financing of Higher Education in Papua New Guinea. Okemakinde, D. O. a. T., 2008. Human Capital Theory: Implications for Educational Development. Oyebade, G. I. a. S., 2008. From Public University Dominance to Private University Policy Initiatives in Nigeria: The Push and Pull Factors. Psacharopoulos, G., 1986. Financing Education in Developing Countries: An Exploration of Policy Options.. Rena, R., 2006. Higher Education in Africa A Case of Eritrea. Rosovsky, D. B. a. H., 2001. Higher education in developing countries: Peril and promise.. Salmi, J., 1998. Strategy for Higher Education Development in Latin America: Executive Summary.. Teferra, D., 2013. Funding Higher Education in Africa: State,Trends and Perspectives. The New Zealand Treasury, 1987. Government Management: Brief to the Incoming Government 1987 Volume II Education Issues. Tilak, J. B., 1995. Higher education in India at a cross-roads. In: L. B. a. K. King, ed. Learning from Experience: Policy and Practice in Aid to Higher Education. s.l.:s.n. Woodhall, M., 2007. Funding Higher Education: The Contribution of Economic Thinking to Debate and Policy Development. World Bank, 1997. China Higher education reform. A World Bank country study..

Characteristics of a Typical Western :: Film, Media, movies, Film Analysis

A typical Western would usually be set in the late 19th century in the mid-west of America in a remote town. The town is usually small, lonely and unwelcoming. Typically a western set looks like it is in the middle of a desert with sand, cacti and tumbleweed which gives a desert look, there are usually never any lakes or rivers around these features make the place look really hot and deserted. The buildings are generally timber board houses with swinging doors and outside the buildings are places to keep their horses, there is also always a General Store and a Saloon. Horses and carriages and cattle are used to give a western feel. The cowboys are typically dressed in western style clothing for example they wear simple shirts and jeans they may also wear ponchos, waist coats, hats, boots with spurs, guns and a belt to hold the gun and bullets, Hero's tend to wear lighter clothing and the villain’s tend to wear darker clothing. The storyline is normally about a hero who comes to a town to bring peace and drive the villains out. A hero is usually seen as a vigilante as he is not told to come to help but does anyway. The hero often appears as a quiet, secretive, mysterious person who may make the audience admire him one minute and dislike him the next, he is also a very smart, cunning and adaptable which are all good values in a hero. The villain is usually fixed to one idea he thinks it is a smart cunning person but in the end is always defeated. Many scenes are set around the Saloon (bar) and there is quite often a romance involved with the hero and a local girl, the villain competing for her affections! There are two different types of villains in typical westerns Native Americans and white villains (cowboys). Westerns are split down into sub genres for example classical westerns like "The Great Train Robbery" but there are also other western genres like revisionist westerns. Revisionist westerns occurred after the early 1960's, American film-makers began to change many traditional elements of Westerns. One major change was the increasingly positive representation of Native Americans who had been treated as "savages" in earlier films. Another example is Spaghetti westerns, Spaghetti westerns first came during the 1960's and 1970's, The changes were a new European, larger-than-life visual style, a harsher, more violent depiction of frontier life, choreographed gunfights and wide-screen close-ups.

Diversification Strategy Essay

The Videocon group’s core areas of business are consumer electronics and home appliances. They have recently diversified into areas such as DTH, power, oil exploration and telecommunication. Consumer electronics In India the group sells consumer products like colour televisions, washing machines, air conditioners, refrigerators, microwave ovens and many other home appliances, through a multi-brand strategy with the largest sales and service network in India.[4]   Mobile phones In November 2009, Videocon launched its new line of mobile phones.[5] Videocon has ever since launched a number of innovative handsets ranging from basic color FM phones to high-end Android devices. And in February 2011, Videocon Mobile Phones launched the revolutionary concept of ZERO paise per second with pre-bundled SIM cards of Videocon mobile services along with 7 of its handset models. Colour picture tube glass Videocon is one of the largest CRT glass manufacturers in the world, operating in Mexico, Italy, Poland and China. Oil and gas An important asset for the group is its Ravva oil field with one of the lowest operating costs in the world producing 50,000 barrels of oil per day.[6] DTH Main article: Videocon d2h In 2009, Videocon launched its DTH product, called ‘d2h’. As a pioneering offer in the Indian DTH market, Videocon offered LCD & TVs with built-in DTH satellite receiver with sizes 19†³ to 42†³. This concept in the DTH service is relatively new in the presence of other players like ZEE TV’s Dishtv, Tata Sky, Air tel Digital TV and Reliance’s BIG TV providing only the set top box. Telecommunication Videocon Telecommunications Limited has license for mobile service operations across India. It launched its services on 7 April 2010 in Mumbai. Acquisition of Thomson SA Videocon through its Wholly Owned Offshore Subsidiary acquired the Color Picture Tube (CPT) businesses from Thomson S.A having manufacturing facilities in Poland, Italy, Mexico and China along with support research and development facilities. Acquisition rationale The acquisition came at a time when Thomson was facing a fall in demand in developed markets for television with CPTs and was moving more towards Flat-screen and Plasma Television. However, Videocon saw an opportunity in the emerging countries for CPTs and hence pursued with the acquisition. Besides, the acquisition gave Videocon, the access to advanced technology giving the company control over an R&D facility in Agnani, Italy. The major reasons behind this acquisition were:[7] Cost cutting – Videocon was better positioned to shift the activities to low-cost locations and also it could integrate the operations with the glass panel facility in India with the CPT manufacturing facilities acquired from Thomson S.A. Videocon wanted to leverage its position in the existing parts of the business and this acquisition would give it a strong negotiation position and could reduce impact of glass pricing volatility. Videocon could also reduce the costs by upgrading and improving the existing production lines. Vertical Integration – The acquisition helped Videocon in vertically integrating its existing glass-shell business where it had been enjoying substantially high margins.[8] Videocon’s glass division had the largest glass shell plant in a single location. This gave the company an unrivaled advantage in terms of economies of scale and a leadership position in the glass shell industry. The acquisition also gave Videocon a ready-market for its glass business and it was part of Videocon’s long-term strategy to have a global vertically-integrated manufacturing facility. Rationalization of Product Profile – Videocon modified its product profile to cater to the changing market needs like moving away from very large size picture tubes to smaller ones.[9] Apart from the overall strategy Videocon also had a plan on the technological front. It wanted to improve the setup for the production line and line speed post-merger. Its focus was to increase sales while reducing the costs and thereby improving the productivity of the existing line. The company also wanted to foray in a big way into LCD panels back-end assembly . On the sales front the company wanted to leverage on the existing clients of Thomson and build relation as a preferred supplier to maximise sales. Also, Videocon could benefit from OEM CTV business with the help of Videocon’s CTV division, invest for new models and introduction of new technologies.[10] Thomson’s perspective In 2004 Thomson planned entry into the high-growth digital media and technology business. Also, Thomson wanted to exit consumer and electronics businesses as they were incurring significant losses. After sale of its TV business to Chinese group TCL, and Tubes to Videocon, Thomson divested from the audio/video accessories business which was the last unit of its consumer electronics business. The need to divest are quite evident from the losses that it incurred in these businesses particularly that the unit that it sold off to Videocon, the Optical Modules activity, and the Audio/Video & Accessories businesses which totalled around â‚ ¬749 million for 2005. Moreover Thomson had done some acquisitions that were in line with boosting their revenues in the following years. [11] Other competitors for the acquisition When Videocon entered the race for the colour picture tubes manufacturing capacity of Thomson SA in November 2004, there were 16 other bidders. Videocon stood slim chances given the fact that it had to battle it out with players like LG, Philips, Samsung and Matsushita, Daewoo and several Chinese manufacturers but finally managed to close the deal. The deal catapulted Videocon into the No. 3 slot in the global pecking order for CPTs. An official of Videocon said on the deal â€Å"The word is out in the world that India and Indian companies are not just a good bet by themselves, but also a hedge against China.â€Å" [12] Pre-merger scenario analysis CPT industry is affected by many competitive factors such as change in the consumer preferences, the product offer strategy of retailers, the progress made by alternative technology manufacturers, capacity adjustment facility of competitors etc. Based on all of these factors there were two scenarios that emerged from the 2005 budget of Videocon. The first scenario is a conservative one. It mainly assumes Price pressures similar to those in the past(-8 to -12%),capacity reduction over a period of two years, a gradual shift to newer technologies like True Flat and good amount of growth for LCD makers. The second scenario is a more aggressive one in term of trends predicted. It assumes that the switch to TrueFlat would be faster, more overcapacity, more competition from LCD manufacturers and rising price strategy pressures in general. The second scenario obviously requires an industrial strategy which is more adapted to the environment. However even if the second scenario arises,Videocon believes there is an opportunity in the CRT business. Though it is very obvious that in the developed markets of the western world the demand is shifting towards the flat panel side(FPD it is expected to contribute 70% of TV market in these regions),in the emerging markets like BRIC CRT still holds fort. CRT holds a dominant 70% share in these markets. When translated into number of units the demand is more than 100 million units. As Videocon is primarily based in these countries, it hopes to harness the value of the Thomson acquisition in the coming years.[citation needed] [edit] Post merger situation (2008) Videocon has not been able to turn the plant around in Italy still. However it is getting support from the local government(which want to prevent job cuts) in form of grants. The government is in fact trying to set up a Greenfield venture in form of a LCD manufacturing facility in partnership with Videocon. The banks are also supporting Videocon and with help from all these quarters Videocon expects to turn around the plant in Italy.[13] The Thomson plant has not turned around in Mexico as well and in fact production has been reduced over there.In Poland,the situation is more promising and Videocon hopes that plant over there will get in black in the very near future.[14] However the surprise has been in the Chinese market .Despite facing a highly competitive market Videocon has managed to turn a plant around while the other is on its way. In China Videocon is adopting a different strategy for manufacturing CTVs as the local players dominate the market .It plans to supply these players by taking advantage of low-cost nature of mainland(the number targeted by it about 6 million CPTs).[15] [edit] Thomson’s exit from Videocon Thomson is looking to sell out its stake in Videocon (a 10 percent stake via GDRs) and in most likelihood it would be bought by Videocon itself. Thomson would be exiting at a loss as it had acquired the stake at around Rs 400 per share (approximately equal to $10 per share).The deal is expected to happen at current market prices. Videocon’s GDR is currently traded at around $5.06 on the Luxembourg Stock Exchange. On the Bombay stock exchange its trading around INR150 against the 52 week high of INR868 in Jan 2008. Another point to be noted is that this won’t attract the market regulator’s â€Å"creeping acquisition† norm which comes into force once they acquire more than 5% stake,as the deal would be an overseas. [16]

Public Prices In Health Care - 1833 Words

High prices are hurting American families. Americans pay exorbitant prices for all kinds of care. High prices are why medical debt remains a leading cause of bankruptcy in the United States, and nowhere else. The US healthcare delivery system differs from those of other developed countries in three notable ways: It relies on multiple sources of private financing, it covers less of the population, and it costs much more. Shaped by the institutions, ideas, and interests that drive American policymaking, the US health care delivery system is uniquely complex, costly, and unequal. Initially private, it has become an increasingly complex public/private mix, as incremental reforms adopted over many decades have sought to correct market failures†¦show more content†¦The median household income in the United States in 2014 was $53,697 so the average household with a median income would have spent almost 46 percent of its income on health care† were costs and income evenly dist ributed across the population. However, health care costs are not evenly distributed. In any given year, 1 percent of the population is responsible for over 21 percent of health care costs, 5 percent for half. On the other hand, half of the population spends almost nothing on health care in any given year. Because of this disparity in the distribution of health care costs, the United States, like every other developed nation, depends on health insurance. Health insurance puts health care consumers into a common pool and moves money from those who are healthy at any given time to those who are not. It allows high-cost users to gain access to health care that they could never otherwise afford. Indeed, few Americans would be able to afford really expensive, intensive hospital care or some specialty pharmaceuticals if they had to pay out-of-pocket. A cash and carry health care system is also not possible because of another great disparity in the United States -- the disparate distribution of income and wealth. Almost half of our nation’s income goes to the top 10 percent of the population. Distribution of wealth is even more inequitable: the wealthiest 3 percent of the population own over half of the nation’s assets, while theShow MoreRelatedHealthcare Systems Of The Healthcare System Essay1541 Words   |  7 Pageshome health care, hospice care, and palliative care and assisted living. 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