Intergovernmental Finance and Paying a Share of the Cost Incurred by P Assignment

Intergovernmental Finance and Paying a Share of the Cost Incurred by Provincial Governments for Infrastructure Improvements - Assignment Example The control of funds is in the central government and it determines the distributable pool of resources. This is a Type D grant. It is a shared type of grant because it comes from the national tax. It however under the discretion of the central government where the 10% incomes tax will be allocated that is why it is Type D which is an ad hoc type of shared tax. IV. Annually the national government determines the amount of aid it will provide to subnational governments. The distribution of this financial aid is based on population density, the percentage of citizens under the age of fifteen, and the average household income. This is a Type F grant. This is an ad hoc transfer since it is under the central government’s discretion where to allocate the funds. It is further classified under the formula type of ad hoc transfer since the division of funds for allocation will be based on the computation of certain objective criteria and elements, in this case, population density, household income and percentage of a citizen under 15. This is a Type K grant. This is a type of reimbursable expenditure based on an emergency situation in a local unit. The funds will be approved and will come from the central government and the funds to be allocated would be the total or partial cost needed by the local government. VI. Local governments receive 40 percent of the motor vehicle license fees collected by the provincial government. The fees are allocated to the local governments based on the percentage of motor vehicles the province that is owned by residents in a particular local government jurisdiction. This is a Type B grant. It is a shared type of government funds but instead of being a national tax, the funds are from the provincial government collected from regular fees collected for the issuance of motor vehicle license. Forty percent is allocated to the local unit based on certain elements, in this case, the percentage of a motor vehicle owned by residents in a certain province.

A Room with a View: Chapter by Chapter Analysis

A Room with a View: Chapter by Chapter Analysis Opening a Window A Room with a View by E.D. Forster explores the struggle between the expectations of a conventional lady of the British upper class and pursuing the heart. Miss Lucy Honeychurch must choose between class concerns and personal desires. Honeychurch is a respectable young lady from a well-known family. She travels with Miss Charlotte Bartlett to Italy at the turn of the century. In Italy they meet Mr. Emerson and George Emerson. George is young man who falls in love with Lucy. Mr. Emerson is an idealist and a dreamer. Only a couple of days after they get to Italy George kisses Lucy while standing in the middle of a waving field of grass. George does this with out her permission or discussion. Even though this surprises Lucy and backs away she still participates in the kiss that tells the readers that there is something in her heart that drives her toward George. Georges function in A Room with a View is clear: he is a source of passion in a society that is tightly sealed with convention, timidity, and dryness. When Lucy comes home to Britain she is proposed to by Cecil. She accepts the offer because she knows that it is the proper thing to do. Cecil is an intelligent, well-respected man but lacks the passion that George penetrates. When Cecil attempts to kiss Lucy it is very different than George. He first of all asks permission, then Cecil timidly moves in to kiss her, and lastly his glasses fall off. This example shows the difference between Cecil and George and how Cecil lacks the aggression an d desire that George has. Lucy has to make the decision between the mind and the heart. She is torn between Cecils world of books and conformity and Georges world of passion and nature. This decision is not easy for Lucy to make. Lucy came really close to marrying the wrong man due to her lack of thought. She has grown up and lived a life of proper existence. However, Lucy possesses passionate qualities they have just been repressed her entire life. Her only emotion outlet is the piano, in which she prefers dramatic pieces by Beethoven. She plays the piano in order to let out her frustrations brought on by her surrounding characters. Lucy is brought up to be proper and not outgoing or passionate. George will eventually show her how to be passionate and open to new ideas. George is a man that breaks the chains of conformity to free Lucys spirit and he does this efficiency. George kisses Lucy for the second time and he explains that love exists between them. He tells Lucy that she can not marry Cecil because he does not understand women and will never understand Lucy. George also explains that Cecil only thinks that he loves but in actuality only wants her for an ornament. George, on the other hand, wants her as his partner in the great adventure of life. Lucy has lied to herself and to everyone else around her until she is eventually cornered into tearfully admitting her love for George. A Room with a View is a love story about a young proper women who is engaged to a proper man she does not love, and the frantic efforts a another young man to her see what love is and that she loves him. Lucy struggles between what is expected of her and what she really wants. By the end of the novel, George will have offered Lucy a view out of the window of her life. George will have opened a window for her. British social comedy examines a young heroines struggle against straitlaced Victorian attitudes as she rejects the man her family has encouraged her to marry and chooses, instead, a socially unsuitable fellow she met on holiday in Italy. Classic exploration of passion, human nature and social convention. A Room with a View was published in 1908. It was one of Forsters earliest novels, and it has become one of his most famous and popular. E.M. Forster was twenty-nine at the time of publication; two earlier novels, Where Angels Fear to Tread and The Longest Journey, had been poorly received. A Room with a View was blessed with good reviews, but it would not be until 1910 and the publication of Howards End that Forster would have his first major success. The novel deals with a group of British characters in two major settings: Part One and the final chapter are set in Florence, Italy, and Part Two is set mostly in a quiet part of Surrey, England. Forsters characters, like Forster himself at the time of the novels writing, live in the time of the British Empires zenith. With possessions in every part of the globe, the British Empire was as yet untouched by the difficulties of the two world wars. The monarch of England was also the king of Canada and the emperor of India; English citizens enjoyed the fruits of a system of exploitation and oppression that touched the far corners of the world. The remnants of Victorian sensibilities were still very much alive. Prim and proper Brits worried about refinement, the virtue of young girls, and the control of the passions. But it was also a time of change. Women began to clamor more loudly than ever for equal rights. Socialists were challenging old ideas about class and religion, and artists and thinkers began to challenge Victorian attitudes about emotion and sexuality. A Room with a View was one of those challenges. The story of young Lucy Honeychurchs choice between propriety and love, the novel casts Socialists as heroes and prim spinsters as antagonists. Lucys dramatic choice at the end of the novel is not only a victory for passion, but for womans independence. It was common for British citizens, particularly young men and women, to take the grand tour of Italy. The idea was for educated Brits to expose themselves to the work of Renaissance and Roman artists and architects, but like tourists throughout the ages, many travelers only had a superficial experience of Italy. They stayed with other British travelers, looked down on the Italians, and went to museums and ancient churches with their books of art criticism in hand. Forster criticizes this kind of tourist, but with some gentleness and a good deal of humor. A Room with a View is wonderful social commentary, but it is no acrid satire. The novel prefers to laugh lovingly at its subjects, and in the end the good in people matters much more to Forster than their shortcomings. The novel deals with Lucys growth toward self-awareness; by the end, she has learned the importance of expressing passion honestly. At the time, Forster was at the beginning of his first important relationship. A Room with a View is dedicated to H.O.M., Hugh Meredith, Forsters first love and the model for George Emerson. Throughout the novel, Forster speaks with great insight on the subject of repressed passion and the war between desire and societys conventions. His experiences as a gay man at the beginnings of his first relationship undoubtedly had a great influence on the writing of the novel. His lack of sexual experience also explains some of the novels shortcomings; although he writes beautifully about the beginning stages of the courtship between Lucy and George, in the final chapter he seems less certain, less insightful. Still, the book is an accomplished and beautiful love story, full of cutting but ultimately generous insights. And there are unforgettable moments: the firs t kiss between George is Lucy, passionate and unexpected on a hillside covered with violets, is one of the finest kisses in modern literature. Propriety and Passion: The conflict between social convention and passion is a central theme of the novel. Lucys match with George, by social standards, is completely unacceptable. But it is the only match that could make her happy. Her match with Cecil is far more conventional, but marriage to Cecil would destroy Lucys spirit. The Emersons are truly unconventional people. They care almost nothing for propriety. Mr. Emerson, a Socialist, speaks with great feeling about the importance of passion and the beauty of the human body. The British characters of the novel have very strong ideas about the need to repress passion and control young girls. To achieve happiness, Lucy will have to fight these standards, many of which she has internalized, and learn to appreciate her own desires. The beauty of human beings: A Room with a View is social commentary, but Forsters depictions of people are ultimately generous. He gently mocks the Honeychurches for their bourgeois habits, but he does not shy from depicting their strengths. They are loving and sincere, generous with guests and with each other. Cecils greatest fault is that he is entirely too critical of people. He cannot appreciate the good in the simple country gentry with whom Lucy has grown up. Even Charlotte, the prim spinster who is a major obstacle to the love between Lucy George, is allowed to have a moment of grace. In the end, Forster appreciates his characters goodness much more than he mocks their faults. Travel and the idea of Italy: Travel is a powerful force in the novel, and at its best it can be a life-altering experience. The heart of travel is to allow a place to get under ones skin; staying at British pensions and scorning Italian peasants do not the constitute the best experience one can get out of Italy. Italy gives Lucy insights into her life back at Windy Corner. It changes her perspective of herself. Although her experiences there confuse her, in working through the confusion she becomes a self-assured and independent young woman. The beautiful and the delicate: Lucy asks in the first chapter if beauty and delicacy are really synonyms. One of Lucys important lessons is that beauty need not be refined; much is beautiful in the gesture of kindness that oversteps propriety, or the act of passion that ignores convention. Lucy has to learn to see beauty in things that her society scorns or condemns. Womans position and independence: The Emersons are fervent believers in the equality of men and women. Lucy is not a rebel at heart, but she is often frustrated by the limitation put on her sex. Her marriage to Cecil could never be one between equals. Cecil is not so much in love with Lucy as he is in love with some idea of what a woman is supposed to be. He constantly compares her to a work of art, which, although it may be flattering, also objectifies her and ignores that she is a living person. What Lucy needs, although she does not know it, is a relationship between equals. She has no desire to be protected or instructed. Connection between nature and man: One of Mr. Emersons convictions is that man and nature are inextricable from each other, and only the mistakes of civilization separate man from his natural state. Closely connected to the theme of passion and the body, this theme runs throughout the novel. Forster emphasizes it by having the weather often mirror the thoughts of his characters. He also connects George and Lucy to the land at key points. Passion and the body: If nature and man are inextricable from each other, it follows that there should be no shame for the body or passion. Societys conventions try to hide both. The body must be hidden, a thing of which one should feel ashamed; passions must be controlled and regulated by rules tied to class and gender. Lucy has to overcome these conventions if she is to allow herself to love George. The Medieval/the Renaissance/the Classical: Forster uses time periods to represent characters and their attitudes. Uptight Cecil is always associated with the medieval; George is associated with the myths of the classical world. Italy is the land of both the classical Roman world and the Renaissance, and Forster uses these eras as symbols of beauty and passion. Music: Lucys relationship to her music is an important insight into her character. Her playing is an indication that she has untapped reserves of passion; Mr. Beebe remarks that one day Lucy will live as well as she plays. Lucys music also articulates her feelings better than her words can, and after playing she is more certain of what she wants. The Muddle: Forster constantly uses the word muddle to describe Lucys state of mind. The muddle arises when everything that one has been taught suddenly is thrown into doubt. It is one of the marks of growing up. Lucys muddle is frightening and confusing, but in working through it she will become a stronger and wiser person. Class snobbery: Class snobbery is a constant feature of A Room with a View. The Emersons, because they are not refined, are the most frequent victims of this snobbery. Country gentry look down on those who work hard for a living; Cecil looks down on the suburban ways of country gentry. Lucy has to overcome the class bigotry that she has been taught. Short Summary Lucy Honeychurch, a young English woman, is vacationing with her cousin, Charlotte Bartlett, at an Italian pension for British guests. They are vacationing in Italy together, and currently they are in Florence. While bemoaning the poor views outside their windows, Lucy and Charlotte are interrupted by another guest, an old man by the name of Emerson. Mr. Emerson offers them a room swap; he and his son George are both in rooms that offer beautiful views of Florence. Charlotte refuses; for a woman to accept such an offer from a man would make her indebted to him. It would be a serious breach of propriety. But later that evening, after the intercession of another guest, a clergyman named Mr. Beebe, Charlotte accepts the offer. Their stay in Florence continues, and Lucy continues to run into the eccentric Emersons. They are socially unacceptable by the snobbish standards of the other guests, but Lucy likes them. One day, while Lucy is walking alone in Florence, she witnesses a murder. George happens to be there, too, and he catches her when she faints. On the way home, they have a strange, intimate conversation as they walk along the river. But George stirs up feelings in Lucy that she is not ready to face, and she resolves not to see him again. However, later that week, they both end up on a carriage ride into the hills near Florence. The various British travelers disperse and wander around the hills, and Lucy finds herself alone. She stumbles onto an earth terrace covered with violets, and finds herself face-to-face with George. He kisses her, but the kiss is interrupted by Charlotte. The next day, under Charlottes direction, Lucy and Charlotte leave for Rome. Part 2 begins after the passage of several months. We are back at Windy Corner, the Honeychurch home in Surrey, England. In Rome, Lucy spent a good deal of time with a man named Cecil Vyse. The Vyses and the Honeychurches are on friendly terms, but Cecil and Lucy only knew each other superficially before Italy. In Italy, Cecil proposed to Lucy twice. She rejected him both times. As Part 2 begins, Cecil is proposing yet again. This time, she accepts. Now that they are engaged, Cecil and Lucy must spend time with Lucys various neighbors. Cecil, an aristocratic Londoner, despises the ways of the country gentry. He also dislikes Lucys brother, Freddy, and is not overly fond of Lucys mother. But Lucy puts up with it. At Charlottes request, she has never told anyone about her kiss with George. But before too long, the Emersons move into Cissie villa, a home not far from Windy Corner. Lucy is forced to face George Emerson again, but she manages to deal with him at a distance. She continues her engagement to Cecil, even though signs indicate that she is anxious about the marriage on a deep psychological level. To the reader, it is obvious that they are completely unsuitable for each other, but Lucy persists in the engagement. Soon, things come to a head: Charlottes boiler is broken, and she comes to stay as a guest at Windy Corner. And during her stay, Freddy, who has befriended George, invites George to come play tennis. It is all to take place on Sunday, and Lucy is terrified of what might happen. On Sunday, Cecil refuses to play tennis and pesters everyone by reading aloud from a bad British novel. Lucy soon realizes that the novel is written by Miss Lavish, a woman who stayed at their pension in Florence. Cecil reads a particularly humorous passage aloud, but Lucy sees nothing humorous about it: it is a fictional recreation of her kiss with George. The names are different, but the situation is unmistakable. She realizes that Charlotte told Miss Lavish what happened. George is also present for the reading of the passage. On the way back to the house, George catches Lucy alone in the garden and kisses her again. Lucy confronts Charlotte angrily about her indiscretion. She resolves to put George in his place. She has Charlotte sit in the room as support and witness, and she orders George never to return to Windy Corner. George argues with her passionately. He tells her that Cecil is stifling and unsuitable for her; Cecil will never love her enough to want her to be independent. George loves her for who she is. Lucy is shaken by his words, but she stands firm. George leaves, heartbroken. However, later that night, Cecil refuses again to play tennis with Freddy. Something in his refusal makes Lucy see him truthfully for the first time. She breaks off the engagement that very night. But Lucy still cannot admit to anyone, including herself, her feelings for George. Rather than stay at Windy Corner and face George, she resolves to leave for Greece. But one day not long before she is supposed to leave, she goes to church with her mother and Charlotte and meets Mr. Emerson in the ministers study. Mr. Emerson does not know that Lucy has broken off the engagement, but Lucy realizes before long that she cannot lie to the old man. She talks with him, and Mr. Emerson realizes that she has deep feelings for George. He presses the issue, forcing her to confront her own feelings. Finally, she admits that she has been fighting her love for George all along. The novel closes in Florence, where George and Lucy are spending their honeymoon. Not having her mothers consent, Lucy has eloped with George. Things are difficult with her family, but there is hope that it will get better. Whatever happens, George and Lucy have each other, and their life together promises to be full of happiness and love. We open in Florence at the Pension Bertolini, a pension for British travelers. Young Lucy Honeychurch and her cousin, Charlotte Bartlett, are bemoaning the poor rooms that they have been given. They were promised rooms with views. The two women sit at dinner in their pension, along with the other guests. Lucy is disappointed because the pension hostess has turned out to be British, and the dà ©cor of the pension seems lifted right out of a room in London. While Miss Bartlett and Lucy talk, an old man interrupts them to tell them that his room has a nice view. The man is Mr. Emerson; he introduces his son, George Emerson. Mr. Emerson offers Miss Bartlett and Lucy a room swap. The men will take the rooms over the courtyard, and Lucy and Charlotte will take the more pleasant rooms that have views. Miss Bartlett is horrified by the offer, and refuses to accept; she begins to ignore the Emersons and resolves to switch pensions the next day. Just then, Mr. Beebe, a clergyman that Lucy and Charlotte know from England, enters. Lucy is delighted to meet someone she knows, and she shows it; now that Mr. Beebe is here, they must stay at the Pension Bertolini. Lucy has heard in letters from her mother that Mr. Beebe has just accepted a position at the parish of Summer Street, the parish of which Lucy is a member. Mr. Beebe and Lucy have a pleasant talk over dinner, in which he gives Lucy advice about the sites of Florence. This vacation is Lucys first time in Florence. Soon, almost everyone at the table is giving Lucy and Miss. Bartlett advice. The torrent of advice signifies the acceptance of Lucy and Miss Bartlett into the good graces of the pension guests; Lucy notes that the Emersons are outside of this fold. After the meal, some of the guests move to the drawing room. Miss Bartlett discusses the Emersons with Mr. Beebe; Beebe does not have a very high opinion of Mr. Emerson, but he thinks him harmless, and he believes no harm would have come from Miss Bartlett accepting Mr. Emersons offer. Mr. Emerson is a Socialist, a term that is used by Mr. Beebe and Miss Bartlett with clear disapproval. Miss Bartlett continues to ask Mr. Beebe about what she should have done about the offer, and if she should apologize, until Mr. Beebe becomes annoyed and leaves. An old lady approaches the two women and talks with Miss Bartlett about Mr. Emersons offer. Lucy asks if perhaps there was something beautiful about the offer, even if it was not delicate. Miss Bartlett is puzzled by the question; to her, beauty and delicacy are the same thing. Mr. Beebe returns: he has arranged with Mr. Emerson to have the women take the room. Miss Bartlett is not quite sure what to do, but she accepts. She takes the larger room, which was occupied by George, because she does not want Lucy to be indebted to a young man. She bids Lucy goodnight and inspect her new quarters, and she finds a piece of paper pinned to the washstand that has an enormous note of interrogation scrawled on it. Though she feels threatened by it, she saves it for George between two pieces of blotting paper. Analysis Lucy is young and naà ¯ve; she is bright but not brilliant, although she has enough imagination and compassion to begin to look beyond the social conventions of her class and time. Forsters novel is full of insightful social commentary on the stuffiness of British social conventions. Modern readers are often surprised by Miss Bartletts deep anxieties about accepting a room trade with the generous but socially outcast Emersons. Miss Bartlett is acting under social pressures from several different directions. For one thing, Lucys mother has paid for Miss Bartletts travel expenses, and Miss Bartlett therefore feels responsible for guarding Miss Honeychurch from any possible harm. For Miss Bartlett, life is lived in accordance with what are arguably very precious and ridiculous concerns. Nothing is worse than a scene, and she must also guard Lucy from feeling obligation to a young man. Sex is a source of terrible anxiety for the British of this period, and a young womans reputation must be guarded at all costs. Lucy brings up an important theme of the novel when she asks about the delicate and the beautiful. Lucy wonders if delicacy and beauty might be different things, while Charlotte assumes that they are synonymous. As her social world defines beauty and delicacy, the two qualities are one and the same; beauty is found in politeness, in circuitous and subtle conversation, in avoidance of direct confrontation or over-earnest expressions of emotion. There is not beauty, therefore, in Mr. Emersons generous offer of a room trade. But Lucy is more imaginative than her cousin, and she is able to see that there is beauty in Mr. Emersons socially clueless but generous offer. He is completely unaware of the anxiety he is causing Miss Bartlett; either that or his is completely unconcerned about it. The important thing to him is the generosity of his offer. He does not intend to put Lucy or Charlotte under obligation. He sincerely thinks that a room with a view should go to the one who most enjoys the view. Lucy will have to learn to come to her own understanding of beauty. We see more of Lucys sensitivity and naturally sympathetic and sensitive disposition when she realizes that she and Charlotte have been accepted by the other guests of the pension. She sees that Mr. Emerson and George have not been accepted, and this knowledge makes her feel sorry for them. But Lucy is not strong enough yet to affect the world around her. Note that Charlotte handles all the details of the room trade, and Lucy is not yet confident enough to articulate her doubts about the stuffiness and petty concerns of her social world. Italy and travel make another important theme. The heart of this theme is a new places ability to get under the skin of the traveler, transforming her. Though she is not yet fully aware of it, Lucy longs for this kind of experience. She is deeply disappointed by the Pension Bertolini, which to her seems like another piece of England. She wants to go out into Italy and feel it fully, as richly as she can, away from the safety of British dà ©cor and sensibilities. The pension is juxtaposed to the world outside; the inside of the pension is decorated like a room in London. British social conventions are preserved and protected from the foreign country that surrounds the pension on all sides. The pension protects the guests from Italy, and so it prevents the transforming experience that is the best result of travel. Italy is also a direct challenge to the idea of beauty and delicacy being identical. Italys beauty is refined and sophisticated, but there is nothing delicate about its colo ssal Roman ruins, dramatic countryside, or rustic peasants. Lucys longing for a room with a view is a metaphor for her longing to connect with Italy and the new experiences the country offers. Instead of a view of the courtyard, she wants a view of the country. The window opening out into Florence symbolizes Lucys openness to a new world. Chapter Two In Santa Croce with No Baedeker: Summary: Lucy looks out her window onto the beautiful scene of a Florence morning. Miss Bartlett interrupts her reverie and encourages Lucy to begin her day; in the dining room, they argue politely about whether or not Miss Bartlett should accompany Lucy on a bit of sightseeing. Lucy is eager to go but does not wish to tire her cousin, and Miss Bartlett, though tired, does not want Lucy to go alone. A clever lady, whose name is Miss Lavish, intercedes. After some discussion, it is agreed that Miss Lavish and Lucy will go out together to the church of Santa Croce. The two women go out, and have a lively (but not too involved) conversation about politics and people they know in England. Suddenly, they are lost. Lucy tries to consult her Baedeker travel guide, but Miss Lavish will have none of it. She takes the guide book away. In their wanderings, they cross the Square of the Annunziata; the buildings and sculptures are the most beautiful things Lucy has ever seen, but Miss Lavish drags her forward. The women eventually reach Santa Croce, and Miss Lavish spots Mr. Emerson and George. She does not want to run into them, and seems disgusted by the two men. Lucy defends them. As they reach the steps of the church, Miss Lavish sees someone she knows and rushes off. Lucy waits for a while, but then she sees Miss Lavish wander down the street with her friend and Lucy realizes she has been abandoned. Upset, she goes into Santa Croce alone. The church is cold, and without her Baedeker travel guide Lucy feels unable to correctly view the many famous works of art housed there. She sees a child hurt his foot on a tomb sculpture and rushes to help him. She then finds herself side-by-side with Mr. Emerson, who is also helping the child. The childs mother appears and sets the boy on his way. Lucy feels determined to be good to the Emersons despite the disapproval of the other pension guests. But when Mr. Emerson and George invite her to join them in their little tour of the church, she knows that she should be offended by such an invitation. She tries to seem offended, but Mr. Emerson sees immediately that she is trying to behave as she has seen others behave, and tells her so. Strangely, Lucy is not angry about his forwardness but is instead somewhat impressed. She asks to be taken to look at the Giotto frescoes. The trio comes across a tour group, including some tourists from the pension, led by a clergyman named Mr. Eager. Mr. Eager spews commentary on the frescoes, which Mr. Emerson heartily disagrees with; he is skeptical of the praise and romanticizing of the past. The clergyman icily leads the group away. Mr. Emerson, worried that he has offended them, rushes off to apologize. George confides in Lucy that his father always has that effect on people. His earnestness and bluntness are repellent to others. Mr. Emerson returns, having been snubbed. Mr. Emerson and Lucy go off to see other works. Mr. Emerson, sincere and earnest, shares his concerns for his son. George is unhappy. Lucy is not sure how to react to this direct and honest talk; Mr. Emerson asks her to befriend his son. She is close to his age and Mr. Emerson sense much that is good in the girl. He hopes that these two young people can learn from each other. George is deeply saddened by life itself and the transience of human ex istence; this cerebral sorrow all seems very strange to Lucy. George suddenly approaches them, to tell Lucy that Miss Bartlett is here. Lucy realizes that one of the old women in the tour group must have told Charlotte that Lucy was with the Emersons. When she seems distressed, Mr. Emerson expresses sympathy for her. Lucy becomes cold, and she informs him that she has no need for his pity. She goes to join her cousin. Analysis: Although Miss Lavish prides herself on being original and unconventional, Forster subtly shows that her radicalism is polite, precious, and limited. She disapproves of the Emersons just as much as everyone else does, and though she pretends to be worldly and well traveled (she takes away Lucys Baedeker guide), she gets the two women lost. Nor does she understand the value of getting lost: she is so fixated on getting the women to Santa Croce that she rushes past the beautiful Square of the Annunziata without noticing a thing. Her attitude toward the Italians is patronizing in the extreme: she defines democracy as being kind to ones inferiors. Although Forster is writing incisive social commentary on the stuffiness of British society, he uses Miss Lavish as an example of a certain kind of false rebelliousness. She is ultimately as snobby and precious as everyone else, and her brand of radicalism tends to reinforce stuffy conventions rather than challenge them. Lucy is not a brilliant girl, and she lacks the originality and confidence to make her own judgments about art. In Santa Croce, she longs for her Baedeker guide so that she can know good art from bad. She lacks the confidence to just look at the paintings; she wants to know which frescoes have been pronounced by the critics to be truly beautiful. Lucy has some generosity of spirit and often feels uncomfortable with stifling social conventions, but she is not a genius or revolutionary. She is still young and very naà ¯ve; by the novels end she will be a much wiser and independent person. Part of Forsters brilliance is his restraint. He resists the temptation to make Lucy into a brilliant firebrand, and instead makes her to be, in many ways, a very typical girl for her class and education. She is often caught between convention and an inner sense of what is beautiful rather than delicate. She is unquestionably drawn to George Emerson. In Santa Croce, she notices that his face is rugged and handsome, and she also notices the strength and physical attractiveness of his body. But his melancholy attitude puzzles her, and his angst seems humorous to her in some ways. Mr. Emerson compares him to the child that stumbled and hurt his toe on a tomb statue of Santa Croce. The tomb becomes a symbol of mortality, and George has stubbed his too; George is upset by mortality and the transience of human existence. Life itself hurts and puzzles him. Mr. Emersons social awkwardness and earnestness combine to make him a very unpopular man. Even Lucy rebuffs him at the end of this chapter, resenting his pity for her. But we can see from his attempted apology to Mr. Eager that he does not mean to offend; in fact, he earnestly desires that everyone should always have a nice time. And his criticism of Mr. Eagers romanticizing of Giottos art and time has its own valid perspective, although Mr. Emerson has difficulty expressing his ideas tactfully. Cha Human Resource Management: State Bank of Pakistan Human Resource Management: State Bank of Pakistan The purpose of this report is to give an overview of the Human Resource Management of the bank , which management of the State Bank of Pakistan practice provides to its employees to achieve his goals of high professionalism and productivity. Motivation is the willingness to exert high levels of efforts toward organizational goals, conditioned by the efforts ability to satisfy some individual needs. The effort element is a measure of intensity. When someone is motivated, he or she tries hard. Efforts that are directed toward, and consistent with, the organizations goal is the kind of effort that we should be seeking. Motivated employees are in a state of tension. They exert effort. The greater the tension, the higher the effort level. If this effort successfully leads to the satisfaction of the need, tension is reduced. This tension reduction effort must also be diverted toward organizational goals. Individuals need be compatible and consistent with the organizations goals. The State Bank of Pakistan has embarked upon a major project to renew, build and strengthen its institutional capacity. Recently, State Bank of Pakistan has adopted highly motivated policies to transform the Bank into a highly professional, efficient and modern institution, which is fully equipped to play a meaningful role in the economic development of Pakistan. This report attempts to consolidate all motivational policies and guidelines in a summarized form for the benefit of students and perspective candidates for employment in the Bank. I hope that it would prove useful as a reference guide. INTRODUCTION State Bank of Pakistan is the Central Bank of the country. While its constitution, as originally lay down in the State Bank of Pakistan Order 1948, remained basically unchanged until 1st January 1974 when the Bank was nationalized, the scope of its functions was considerably enlarged. The State Bank of Pakistan Act 1956, with subsequent amendments, forms the basis of its operations today. Under the State Bank of Pakistan Order 1948, the Bank was charged with the duty to regulate the issue of Bank notes and keeping of reserves with a view to securing monetary stability in Pakistan and generally to operate the currency and credit system of the country to its advantage. The scope of the Banks operations was considerably widened in the State Bank of Pakistan Act 1956, which required the Bank to regulate the monetary and credit system of Pakistan and to foster its growth in the best national interest with a view to securing monetary stability and fuller utilization of the countrys product ive resources. Under financial sector reforms, the State Bank of Pakistan was granted autonomy in February 1994. On 21st January, 1997, this autonomy was further strengthened by issuing three Amendment Ordinances (which were approved by the Parliament in May, 1997) namely, State Bank of Pakistan Act, 1956, Banking Companies Ordinance, 1962 and Banks Nationalization Act, 1974. The changes in the State Bank Act gave full and exclusive authority to the State Bank to regulate the banking sector, to conduct an independent monetary policy and to set limit on government borrowings from the State Bank of Pakistan. The amendments in Banks Nationalization Act abolished the Pakistan Banking Council (an institution established to look after the affairs of NCBs) and institutionalized the process of appointment of the Chief Executives and Boards of the nationalized commercial banks (NCBs) and development finance institutions (DFIs), with the Sate Bank having a role in their appointment and remova l. The amendments also increased the autonomy and accountability of the Chief Executives and the Boards of Directors of banks and DFIs. Like a Central Bank in any developing country, State Bank of Pakistan performs both the traditional and developmental functions to achieve macro-economic goals. The traditional functions, which are generally performed by central banks almost all over the world, may be classified into two groups: (a) the primary functions including issue of notes, regulation and supervision of the financial system, bankers bank, lender of the last resort, banker to Government, and conduct of monetary policy, and (b) the secondary functions including the agency functions like management of public debt, management of foreign exchange, etc., and other functions like advising the government on policy matters and maintaining close relationships with international financial institutions. The non-traditional or promotional functions, performed by the State Bank include deve lopment of financial framework, institutionalization of savings and investment, provision of training facilities to bankers, and provision of credit to priority sectors. The State Bank also has been playing an active part in the process of Islamization of the banking system. The main functions and responsibilities of the State Bank can be broadly categorized as under. MAIN FUNCTIONS AND RESPONSIBILITIES Being the Central Bank of the country, State Bank of Pakistan has been entrusted with the responsibility to formulate and conduct monetary and credit policy in a manner consistent with the Governments targets for growth and inflation and the recommendations of the Monetary and Fiscal Policies Co-ordination Board with respect to macro-economic policy objectives. The basic objective underlying its functions is two-fold i.e. the maintenance of monetary stability, thereby leading towards the stability in the domestic prices, as well as the promotion of economic growth. To regulate the volume and the direction of flow of credit to different uses and sectors, the Bank makes use of both direct and indirect instruments of monetary management. Until recently, the monetary and credit scenario was characterized by acute segmentation of credit markets with all the attendant distortions. A number of fundamental changes have since been made in the conduct of monetary management which essentially m arked a departure from administrative controls and quantitative restrictions to market-based monetary management. A reserve money management program has been developed. In terms of the program, the intermediate target of M2 would be achieved by observing the desired path of reserve money the operating target. While use in now being made of such indirect instruments of control as cash reserve ratio and liquidity ratio, the programs reliance is mainly on open market operations. INTRODUCTION TO HRM Human resource management plays a pivotal and expanding role in shaping the success of organizations and is done by the Human Resource department. PURPOSE OF HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT: The purpose of Human resource management is to improve the productive contribution of people to the organization in ways that are strategically, ethically and socially responsible. To carry out this role managers and HR department needs to satisfy multiple objectives like societal, organizational, functional, and personal objectives. These objectives are achieved through variety of HR activities designed to obtain, maintain, utilize, evaluate and retain an effective work force. These activities are the responsibility of all managers in the organization, even though many of them may be delegated to specialists in the HR department. DEVELOPING HUMAN ASSETS Alongside the development of its physical facilities, SBP is deeply conscious of the pivotal role that human resources play in the success of the organization. As the matter of fact, human resource development has been identified as an area of key importance. While strengthening the rank of is workforce with quality professionals at various levels of management, the bank also undertakes several initiatives for improving productivity and efficiency at all levels. Through computer training, various in house courses, sponsorship of staff for studies at professional institution and seminars, the bank is providing its employees ongoing opportunities for continuous self-improvement and learning. SWOT ANALYSIS OF SBP Strengths Internal Competencies specially core competencies of SBP weaknesses Inability to perform activities Opportunities Positive trends in the environment for SBP Threads Negative trends in the environment for SBP STRENGTH SBP is sole authority to regulate monetary policy and it is also bankers bank. SBP departments are computerized, and with modern technological facilities. SBP every year inducting fresh blood to increase the efficiency and effectiveness of bank. SBP is guide to government on economical and financial affairs. Deals with foreign exchange and bank reserve position and also with NOSTRO balance. Computerized system of data collection and dissemination. Security to depositor Watch dogs for frauds and money laundering. WEAKNESSES Decision making system is totally centralized. There were routine work and long working hours that effect on the efficiency of employees that causes bore. Lower employees are not satisfied with salary and facilities. Virus safety system. Data is stored in single place. Slow processing No surety of data received from authorized dealers. OPPORTUNITIES Through higher educational scheme for abroad, SBP can maximize efficiency. According to modern requirement. SBP is implementing new comprehensive software system. SBP can increase the confidence of investor in FX market, to control on money laundering. System is upgradeable, upgrading will improve the efficiency. They can use create operate. SBOTS scheme is a big opportunity in future to increase the level for State Bank. THREATS Instability of political government that effect on SBP performance. Law and order situation in country; lose the confidence of foreign investor as well as local, that also effect overall performance of SBP. High pressure of external donor agencies, that effect on the policies of SBP. Due to dependence on computerized data different kinds of Virus can attack and damage the data. Data can be manipulated easily. ROLE OF HR: STRATEGIC PARTNER: The strategic partner of SBP is Hay group. CHANGE AGENT: They have special teams from each department who is responsible to face the environmental challenges and bring any necessary change regarding such changes in organization. For this HR works closely with these teams to implement theses changes successfully. HUMAN RESOURCE PLANNING: In state bank of bank there is a key role of HR in developing the strategic management process of the company with the consultation of top management. The key role of HR in the planning process involves Compensation, Manpower requisition, Business growth, Evaluation and reduction of the costs of benefits given to employees etc. It is important to recall here that HR department has the influence only on the non-unionized staff, means any HR function related to non-unionized staff, like hiring, firing, Compensation, Perks and benefits etc, would be set by the HR department, while issues related to unionized staff would be handled by the Admin Department. Some of the major planning functions of Human resource department in state bank of Pakistan are discussed below: Reducing the Costs of Benefits: Here the department determines the costs that incurs to the company due to the benefits given to its employees and find ways how to reduce them. These human and financial costs include salaries and the perks and benefits given to employees. For example state bank gives Cars to its employees at managerial level positions and above. To Ensure the best use of Financial Resources: Here, the HR department monitors the ratio of manpower to other costs in order to assist decisions regarding the best use of financial resources. Succession Planning: In order to better meet the needs of business and to avoid external hiring, the HR department develops succession plans. In this process, they create a chart of succession plans, which lists down the acting head, and his particulars like age, qualifications, traits, etc and his alternative available options, this chart assists in the situation when the incumbent leaves the job due to any reason, then what are the best options, age wise, experience wise, qualification wise, etc. Salient Features of Human Resource Planning: To help in determining appropriate recruitment levels to avoid expensive and unsatisfactory panic measures, in case of staff shortage, or frustration of losing business through lack of trained staff. To anticipate redundancies and find ways of preventing them and their attendant human and financial costs. To monitor the ratio of manpower to other costs in order to assist decisions regarding the best use of financial resources. To provide the basis for training and development programs in order to meet the needs of business and related succession plans. To identify future accommodation requirements in the form of working space, lunchroom, library, conference room and prayers area, etc. To help in making cost of living and other compensation estimates. To have appropriate control over capital expenditures. HUMAN RESOURCE INFORMATION SYSTEM There is a centralized HR information system from which employees can access information. It consists of a website where employees can gain access to information about the company background, financial, careers/job opportunities and newsroom. JOB ANALYSIS In SBP job analysis is done through individual interview questionnaire and intermediate supervisor. JOB DESCRIPTION Job description: job description is design by HR joint director, immediate supervisor of that specific department .they has divided this job to their respective department, head. They have to design the job description of their respective department. RECRUITMENT SELECTION The quality of an organizations human resources depends on the quality of its recruits. Recruitment is the process of finding and attracting capable applicants for employment and Selection is a series of steps through which the applicants pass. It heavily depends on inputs such as job analysis, HR plans, and recruitment. Although operating managers are often involved, much of the recruitment process is the responsibility of professionals in the HR department. These professionals are called recruiters. Recruiters should be aware of constraints and challenges surrounding the requirement process before they attempt to find suitable applicants.SBP is very responsive organization and is always in a process of finding capable applicants for employment. This responsibility primarily belongs to personnel department and all the recruiters are trained for this purpose. METHOD OF RECRUITMENT INTERNAL HIRING: SBP is done through internal advertisement and mail to their respective department. It is done through notice board. EXTERNAL HIRING Giving an add in the leading newspapers does the job announcement. As per criteria of SBP, on receipt of the applications from candidates holding masters degree in any one of the following disciplines. Business Management. Economics. Maths/ statistics Computer Sciences. Are entered in the database and are sorted out w.r.t. Pre-requisites. The applicants are then called for a written test through a letter. The tests along with the result are handled by an independent institution (IBA)(IBP) and SBP The results are then submitted to SBP for further processing. The successful candidates are called for an interview. The short listed candidates from the first interview are then called for the second and then third interview. The successful candidates are then informed through a letter and called to give a joining date. The candidates confirm the joining dates to the Personnel department. The selected candidates are then given brief orientation about different department and functions of the bank. After orientation they are placed in to different departments according to their qualifications and department needs APPRAISAL SYSTEM CONDUCT IN SBP The Appraisal process commence with the performance standards in accordance with strategy set by the State bank of Pakistan. The policy of the State bank of Pakistan in respect of job measurement is skip span. The employees are asked to write a daily report on the work done by them. These reports are submitted to the subordinators on the daily bases , on the other hand the subordinators personally observe every employee and mach them with marks according to the work accomplished by the employee. The subordinator then submit the daily report after every four weeks to the managers along with the letter of recommendation written by the subordinators after evaluating employee performance. These reports are then send to the HRM department where these reports are discussed in the meeting and then all decisions take place according to the merit. TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT Training and development is a continuous process and is designed to bring about a change in the attitude of employees with respect to the job they are doing, the people around them, the new procedures, techniques and skills which they can use. It is also to make them more conscious of their responsibilities and how to perform them will. Therefore, all training is planned and coordinated in a systematic manner by the bank in terms of the needs and the talents required in the bank. The training and development efforts are not confined to a few formal class room courses but extended in all directions to remove employees weaknesses and making the most of their strengths. TYPES OF TRAINING 1. ORIENTATION TRAINING Every new employee will be given an orientation to familiarize him with the bank organization, functions, activities, policies, procedures and programs. This type of training would be an individual basis or group classroom training, depending on the number of participants available. The duration and content of the course will be determined to meet the needs of individuals concerned in consultation with respective Department Heads / General Managers. Depending upon the type of job and the expense needed, newly hired employees as well as the promotes assigned to new fields of activities, will be given on the job training for a period ranging from one week to twenty-four weeks as may be deemed necessary. 2. TECHNICAL AND SPECIALIZED TRAINING Job knowledge is an essential part of ones responsibility in any position. Since technology, methods, processes are changing at a fast rate, it is imperative that employees should learn new skills and techniques through specialized and technical courses organized within the bank, or by outside agencies. It is through these courses that the employee will be able to reach a high level of proficiency. 3. SUPERVISION/MANAGEMENT DEVELOPMENT THROUGH IN-HOUSE TRAINING COURSES COURSES CONDUCTED BY OUTSIDE ORGANIZATIONS IN PAKISTAN In order to have a balanced approach to n all-round development of our management employees, appropriate emphasis will also be laid on the development of supervisory and management skills employees. To this end, selected employees will participate in formal classroom course workshops, which may be either bank organized or conducted/sponsored by outside organizations such as Pakistan Institute of Management, Pakistan Management Association or other similar organizations. Standard basic management training programs, which may be considered for participation, are as follows: Effective Supervision Practice of Supervision Problems of Management Seminar Advance Management Course Management Course for Junior Executives Problem Analysis and Decision Making Conference Leadership Job Instructions Methods etc. The employee will be exposed to these development courses in a systematic manner. The supervisor of the participants will be responsible for follow up on the training and for ensuring that the techniques and methods learnt by their subordinates are applied to on-the-job performance. Nomination of an employee to attend such courses will be at the discretion of the Management. 4. ON-THE-JOB TRAINING It is well regarded that the best place for effective learning to occur is on-the-job i.e. the employee learning the job by doing it under skillful instruction and coaching by his superior. Since many Supervisors/Managers are not trained instructors, the Department will provide training the Job Instruction Methods through practice of Supervision Course. 5. SELF-DEVELOPMENT Recognizing that self-development is the primary responsibility of the individual, bank would provide opportunities for development through making available professional literature, job rotation, counseling and discussions and seminars relating to the job of the individual. 6. TRAINING OUTSIDE PAKISTAN For acquiring specialized skills, the bank may nominate management employees for training abroad with international training institutions of repute of such organizations that may be having commercial affiliation of technical collaborationAlso nominations may be made to suitable courses and seminars abroad if foreign governments or international institutions offer such opportunities to Pakistan through the Ministry. COMPENSATION AND BENEFITS Steps have been taken to improve the motivation and morale of the employees with focus on employee training and development and performance appraisals. Computer training courses, workshops and seminars have been conducted to equip the employees with modern techniques. Relationships with all the employees have remained cordial. Management Division: All policy matters and planning for new initiatives is carried out in Compensation Benefits Performance Management Division. In this division some operational elements are running simultaneously. The Competency based Performance Management System is managed by this Division. This Division also handles Manpower Planning and Job evaluation process, which is another new area. IMPROVEMENT IN SERVICE CONDITIONS State Bank is the central bank of Pakistan. It provides matchless intrinsic as well as extrinsic motivations for development of the professionalism. The following is a brief of motivations provided to its employees by the State Bank of Pakistan:- SALARY STRUCTURE FRINGE BENEFITS STAFF LOAN POLICY FACILITY OF OUTSTANDING DUTY FACILITY OF BANKS CAR PETROL CEILING MEDICAL FACILITIES TELEPHONE CHARGES AT RESIDENCE FACILITY OF NEWSPAPERWS JOURNAL GROUP TERM ASSUARANCE CASH AWARDS FOR ACQUIRING RETIREMENT POLICIES PROFESSIONAL/ACADEMIC QUALIFICATION FAMILY PENSION GRATUITY BENEVOLANT FUND SCHEME GRANT FROM THE FUND GIFT TO RETIRING EMPLOYEES General Salary Structure (Officer Cadre) Salary Grade Minimum (PKR) Maximum (PKR) OG 7 58,500 135,300 OG 6 43,400 109,300 OG 5 40,200 103,000 OG 4 36,500 95,000 OG 3 30,000 83,000 OG 2 25,000 67,500 OG 1 16,481 47,850 (Support Staff Cadre) Salary Grade Minimum (PKR) Maximum (PKR) S- 7 14,400 37,400 S- 6 13,838 34,500 S- 5 11,903 31,600 S- 4 10,733 29,000 S- 3 9,675 24,500 S- 2 8,573 20,300 S- 1 8,100 18,700 (Specialized Salary Structure) Level Minimum (PKR) Maximum (PKR) Entry 40,000 80,000 Middle 60,000 120,000 Higher 80,000 150,000 Managerial M-1or M-2 Core Benefits (applicable across salary structure) Medical Full medical facilities for self, spouse, children and dependent parents as per bank rules. Also, applicable to retired employees Rest Recreation Leave Allowance 15 days leave with 50% of monetized salary as Rest Recreation Allowance each year for Officers. Leaves All officer-grade employees earn leaves for every 6 working day. All support-grade employees earn leaves for every 5 working days. Leaves earned can be accumulated up to 40 per year for Officer-grade employees. Leaves earned can be accumulated up to 72 per year for Support-grade employees. Upon accumulation of leave balance, the employee can proceed to perform Hajj once in the entire service 90 days maternity leaves (exclusive of regular leaves) are allowed to all female employees subject to maximum of three times. Staff Loans Personal loan (Interest free) to meet emergencies up to 03 monetized salaries payable in a maximum period of 2 years House Building Loan / Car Loan up to 60 monetized salaries payable in the entire remaining service (up to 60th birthday of employee). The bank on behalf of the employees free of cost also insures this loan with out charging of premium from employees. Computer loan of PKR 70,000 (maximum) payable in the entire remaining service Group Term Assurance (GTA) Group term assurance covers the employee as under: Salary Ranges (PKR) Sum Assured (PKR) Life Insurance Premium (PKR) 55,001 and Above 1,500,000 312.50 37,501 to 55,000 1,000,000 208.33 18,001 to 37,500 800,000 166.67 Up to 18,000 600,000 125.00 Deputation Allowance Employees are entitled to additional 20% of their monetized salary as a Deputation Allowance along with comprehensive medical facilities for self and dependent family members. Annual Merit Increases Annual Merit Increase (AMI) for the year 2005 is paid as per following schedule: For Employees in Grade OG-1 and Below: AMI for employees in grades OG-1 and below has been determined on the basis of their average marks awarded by the reporting and finalizing officers as per following grid: Range of Marks AMI 49 50 4.5% 47 48 4% 41 46 3% 11 40 2% 0 10 Nil For Employees in Grades OG-2 to OG-5: AMI for employees in grades OG 2 to OG 5 has been determined on the basis of placing the absolute performance ratings of employees as reported by their respective appraisers in appropriate clusters and thereafter categorizing these ratings in accordance with Bell Curve principles into four appraisal categories as follows: Appraisal Category AMI % A = Outstanding Performers 9 % B+ = Above Average 7 % B = Fully Satisfactory 5 % C = Below Average 1.5% For OG 7 employees: AMI for OG- 7 employees at a uniform rate of 6 %. For employees in Separate Salary Structure for Specialized Professionals: AMI for employees in cluster of Separate Salary Structure for Specialized Professionals has been determined at a uniform rate of 5%. Performance Bonus Top 10% of performers in the Bank are paid a one time Performance Bonus @ 3% of annualized monetized pay Bank Provided Car Entitlement (Pakistan assembled) OG-5 800 cc car (AC) without petrol ceiling and driver salary OG-6 1000 cc car (AC) without petrol ceiling and driver salary OG-6 (HOD) 1000 cc car (AC) with petrol ceiling (200 Liters) and driver salary OG-7 1300 cc car (AC) of their choice with petrol ceiling (340 Liters) on optional Banks driver or driver salary Transfer of Ownership Cars are provided to the employees on the basis of a loan depreciation scheme. On completion of 5 years deprecation life of the cars the assignee becomes the owner of vehicles. 10. Telephone Facility .OG.7 (900 calls) OG.6 (600 calls) OG.54 (400 calls) OG 32. (200 calls) 11. Post Retirement Benefits Officers Grade 4 and above on their retirement or their family members in the events of employees death are entitled for the following additional benefits for a period of six months: a) 40% Monetised pay in lieu of House Rent Ceiling b) Electricity, Gas and water charges as per entitlement at the time of Retirement/Death c) 50% of telephone charges as per entitlement at the time of Retirement/Death d) Cost of 50% Petrol Ceiling as per entitlement at the time of Retirement/Death Pension Policy Prior to 1997 Federal Government rules as contained in Compendium of Pension Rules and Order were applicable in State Bank of Pakistan. After monetisation, the concept of pay has been abolished and 50% of monetised salary is taken into account for the purpose of calculation of retirement benefits. 13. Education Allowance Rs.500/- per month is allowed to Clerical/Non-Clerical employees. 14. Traveling Transportation Charges a. Officers on their retirement are entitled to reimbursement of economy class airfare for self and eligible family members from the airports nearest to their place of posting and their hometown as per bank record or they can claim payment of ACC sleeper train fare. b. All officers and staff of the bank either on transfer or retirement are entitled to actual cost of transportation of household effects to their place of new posting/domicile outside Karachi against production of proper receipts subject to a maximum amount of one months monetised salary. Travel Daily Allowance (a) The rates of gross Daily Allowance for different categories of employees are as under: Category of Employees Positions Gross DA (Rs) S-1 to S-3 Non-clerical Staff 800 S-4 to S-7 Clerical Staff<

Educating Rita - Love Story :: Free Essay Writer

Educating Rita - Love Story To answer the question whether or not Willy Russell actually wrote a love story as he intended to do, I consider certain aspects. I find two totally different main characters in Frank and Rita and therefore will be dealing with completely different ways of behaviour and reaction. By interpreting their statements and actions it might be possible to find some kind of conclusion. To begin with it is possible to say that Educating Rita does not seem to be a love story in a common sense. Nevertheless there are signs that Frank becomes more and more interested in Rita and her fate. She has got a refreshing effect on him, which is caused by her naivety, enthusiasm and very own way of talking about and experiencing literature. In act 1, scene 2 he tells her how much he wished she had walked in twenty years before. Especially at the beginning of their acquaintance Rita is used to telling him almost everything about her life, very much so about private matters. But as she becomes more "educated" and changes her feelings towards literature, which becomes less important for her, Frank almost starts insisting on knowing everything about her situation. In scene 8 she is late for the lesson, because she has just been thrown out by her husband, and Frank is very much concerned about her and her situation. But Rita is much more concerned about her Macbeth essay and is rather interested in Frank ´s opinion on it than in anything else. What she expects from Frank is criticism and support, whereas he wants to be allowed in taking part in her life. This scene already shows how different their intentions are. Other signs of Frank ´s feelings towards Rita are given in scene 2 of act . She has been late for the lesson and Frank realizes that she changed her way of talking, is trying to talk and act in a more sophisticated manner. He is shocked by this development. There is also a touch of jealousy in this scene. Rita has been telling him about her conversation with other students particularly with one of them named Tyson/Tiger. Frank: "Is there any point in working towards an examination if you are going to fall in love. (...) All right, but please stop burbling on about Mr Tyson." Another time he is deeply hurt when he finds out that Rita had changed her job without having told him anything about it (Act 2, Scene 4).

Junk Food in Schools Essay

The school bell rings, signaling the start of the lunch hour and the kids all head out to the same direction: the cafeteria. After hours of sitting through class after class, their minds get weary from having to cram all that information into their heads. Consequently, the need for sustenance is almost always overpowering. Lining up towards the food counter, the children load up their trays with goodies of their own pickings. A can of Coke, a cheeseburger or tater torts, a bag of Cheetos and a candy bar and they’re on their way to devouring their savory spread. Thousands of schools across the globe are now being seen to serve an array of food that is high in calories and have elevated salt and fat content, not to mention the amount of preservatives in them. Cheeseburgers, fries, pizza, chips, sodas and candy bars have become largely available in today’s cafeterias, providing an unhealthy alternative to the traditional cooked meals. â€Å"Junk food†, as is appropriately coined for food that has low nutritional value, has largely become a favorite on our average youngster’s menu. As such, profit-seeking companies have targeted schools to market such products. Not only are they being promoted in high schools but they have now infiltrated the middle schools as well, knowing that most of these children are probably eating the same amount of junk food in their homes too. Although major cola companies are denying several harmful effects of their products, colas are causing children to be caffeine dependent. Crisps and other snacks may be attractive to [Insert Last name 2] kids in that they taste good but the consumption of these â€Å"empty† calories is the leading cause of obesity in youngsters and obese children could end up having chronic heart problems. Thousands of parents have voiced out their concerns and a lot of people are aware of the threat that this issue poses on the children’s health. Some areas actually pass laws prohibiting schools from turning on vending machines during lunch hours. This measure has proven to be ineffective. Such failure is the culmination of years and years of neglect upon the dietary needs of the children. If adults were more vigilant in supervising such an integral part of their growth, this health issue would not be an issue at all. As a result, what adults can do is to wean these kids from this unhealthy inclination and provide them with a well-balanced, highly nutritious yet equally satisfying fare. Regulations in preparing meals should also be implemented with respect to the children’s vitamin and mineral requirements. Fried products should be kept at a minimum as they are high in fat content, having been fried in oil. Burgers, sausages and other types of â€Å"mechanically recovered meat† should be banned from the cafeteria as well as sweets like candy bars, toffees, mints, chewing gum and savory snacks such as crisps, salted nuts and tortilla chips. These food items contain large amounts of sugar, salt, food additives such as monosodium glutamate and polyunsaturated or monounsaturated fats. The school is a place where the youth, who are to become tomorrow’s adults, go in order to gain knowledge of all the worldly things that they would need in the future. It is a place where they feed their minds but what they are feeding their bodies in a place of learning might someday lead to unseen health problems unless, the serving of highly nutritious and substantial meals can be strictly enforced in the educational system and that the adults who run the schools keep in mind that the children’s health should in no way be compromised. [Insert Last Name 3] Works Cited â€Å"Junk Food Banned in School Meals†. 19 May 2006. BBC News. 11 April 2008. â€Å"Junk Foods†. 2008. Ask the Dietician. 11 April 2008.

Explore how love and lovers is presented in Romeo and Juliet and The Labrotory Essay

Explore how love and lovers is presented in Romeo and Juliet and The Labrotory. Love. Love is a feeling of a deep romantic or sexual attachment to someone, An intense feeling of deep affection. Love in Romeo and Juliet is a brutal, powerful emotion that captures individuals and catapults them against their world, and at times, against themselves. In The Laboratory love is presented as a unpleasant feeling, filled with jealousy, obsession and overall revenge, which is also a dramatic monologue which evokes the audiences emotions. Love is another important thematic ingredient in Romeo and Juliet, which presents various types of love: the sensual, physical love embraced by the Nurse; the Traditional or contractual love represented by Paris; and the passionate, romantic love of Romeo and Juliet. †love is Too rude, Too boist’rous, and it pricks like a thorn†. In The laboratory Browning explores the jealousy and vengeful of someone disappointed in love, and how far they would travel to be happy themselves and see their lover suffer who has previously made her suffer. In the opening scene of Romeo and Juliet we are introduced to Romeo and Benvolio. Romeo reminisces about Rosaline which evokes the lover’s experience of daydreaming about his beloved, but in such a jumbled way, that it’s more frustrating than enjoyable.†Mis-shapen chaos of well-seeming forms† However this scene presents that Romeo is in love with Rosalines beauty. Romeo receives unrequited love which makes him feel melancholy and depressed. This can also be described as fickle love as he falls in and out love quickly. Romeo is in love with Rosaline at the start of the play, which is presented as an immature infatuation. Today, we might use the term â€Å"puppy love† to describe this. Romeo’s love for Rosaline is shallow and nobody really believes that it will last, including Friar Laurence. †Thou chid’st me oft for loving Rosaline† Romeo is speaking in rhyme throughout this scene. He says, â€Å"Love is a smoke made with the fume of sighs, Being purged, a fire sparkling in lovers’ eyes†. From this the reader may assume that Romeo takes love very seriously, it is also represents a stereotypical form of love poetry. This may indicate that there is nothing special about his love with Rosaline. In this scene Romeo also uses oxymoron’s to describe his love for Rosaline. He describes love as â€Å"sick health†. This illustrates the idea that he is confused and not making any sense because he is talking in an irrational way. Benvolio tells Romeo to â€Å"Examine other beauties†. This quotationportrays the idea that maybe Benvolio has seen this before from Romeo and he knows the time will come when Romeo will fall in love with another lady. The audience will feel that Romeo is acting like a lovesick teenager. Likewise in The Laboratory the women is suffering from unrequited love and is consumed with evil and twisted thoughts. She’s feeling betrayed and paranoid – she refers back to them as laughing at her, imagining her at church praying for her lover to return back to her. †While they laugh, laugh at me, at me fled to the dearer† William Shakespeare and Robert Browning both portray unrequited love and the different paths it leads to, as in Romeo and Juliet, Romeo is melancholy and sulking, however he is not doing anything to make the situation better. †Out of her favor where I am in love† In The Laboratory the women is creating a deadly poison due to her partner cheating on her and her receiving unrequited love. The women deals with the situation in a very pitiless, demanding way. †Grind away, moisten and mash up thy paste† Love between Romeo and Juliet is the main love portrayed in the play. Our classic idea of romantic love is embodied in Romeo and Juliet. Shakespeare presents this as a force of nature, so strong that it transcends societal conventions. This idea is established in the play’s prologue with the line â€Å"a pair of star-crossed lovers take their life.† Romeo and Juliet still love each other and don’t let their hatred of each other’s family get in the way of their love. â€Å"Love give me strength, and strength shall help afford†. Romeo being hurt and melancholy at the beginning of the place make the audience question does he truly feel love or not. Romeo falls for Juliet as soon as he sees her, Which Shakespeare describes as love at first sight. â€Å"Did my heart love till now?† Shake spare also portrays that Romeo falls in love with Rosalines and Juliets appearances, due to it being love at first sight. He describes Rosaline as the moon which is beautiful but the moon always goes down when the sun rises who is Juliet. †As a rich jewel in an Ethiop’s ear-Beauty too rich for use, for earth too dear† The same as in The Laboratory the women believes her ex partner has feel in love with not the women’s personality but her looks. †Shes not little, no minion like me!, That why she ensnared him: this will never free† Both play and poem portray that the men have fell in love with the women’s looks. Romeo falls for Juliet as soon as he sees her which obviously tells the readers that he fell in love at first sight with her beautiful face, likewise the man has cheated on left his partner to be with a more curvy women, again falling for her looks. A love we are introduced to in Romeo and Juliet is the love between Juliet and the Nurse which is such of a mother and daughter, It portrays warmth, trust and laughter. Juliet loves her mother in a dutiful daughter way, but they do not have a warm, close relationship. All the nurse wants is for Juliet to be happy and this is why she helps in forgetting the family feud and helping Juliet marry Romeo. This effect Shakespeare portrays adds great effect and makes the relationship between Juliet and the Nurse similar to if the Nurse was the actual mother of Juliet. â€Å"I nursed her daughter that you talked withal†. In the Laboratory no such love is presented. Its as if the women is alone in the world which is causing her to go insane. However it could also be said that the women is confiding in the old man, as he is the only one who knows about her plan as did the nurse with Juliet’s plan. She is so thrilled with her plan, she celebrates with the apothecary. †You may kiss me, old man, on my mouth if you will!† Both Shake spare and Browning portray love in similar but different ways. Juliets affection with the nurse is positive and merry, with girlish talks, However The women in The Laboratory is showing love to the old man just for full filling her evil command. In The Laboratory and Romeo and Juliet tradition plays a very large role. Paris’ love for Juliet in Romeo and Juliet is born out of tradition, not passion. He has identified her as a good candidate for a wife and approaches her father to arrange the marriage. Although this was the tradition at the time, it also says something about Paris’ staid attitude towards love. †Younger than she are happy mothers made.† Also in The Laboratory Browning does not make any direct or uniform attacks on organized religion. He does not use any references to religion or tradition as it would of made the poem calm, and without them it gives the poem a more horrific, evil tone. Many of the friendships in the play are as sincere as Romeo and Juliet’s love for one another. The close relationships between Juliet and her Nurse, and between Romeo, Mercutio and Benvolio are meaningful and heartfelt. They care deeply for another and protect each others honor – this ultimately costs Mercutio his life. This platonic love is offset by the sexual innuendos made by some characters – particularly Juliet’s Nurse and Mercutio. Their view of love is earthy and purely sexual, creating an effective contrast with Romeo and Juliet’s romanticism. At the beginning of Romeo and Juliet, Romeo is very upset which gives Mercutio and opportunity to involve humor and sex. â€Å"O’er ladies lips, who’s straight on kisses dream†. He uses more sexual innuendo throughout the play when the subject of love is mentioned. The Nurse also links love and sex throughout the play. This is more marked when she finds out Juliet is to marry Romeo. We can see how excited she is about the physical opportunity for Juliet because she comments immediately on Romeo’s physical traits. â€Å"†¦His face be better than any man’s†. Although both Mercutio and the Nurse refer to the sexual act, the Nurse’s language is crude and lacks the refinement of Mercutio’s wit. Here Shakespeare presents to us a member of the lower classes, deprived from a formal education. Also Juliet awaits Romeo to consummate their marriage, she refers wholeheartedly to her sexual desires – having ‘bought the mansion of a love, but not yet possessed it’ suggesting that she recognizes the contractual element of marriage and desires to experience the physical side. Juliet also refers to ‘white as snow on a raven’s back’ which implies that her virginal purity is set against the darkness of the blood that she will lose as her hymen is split. Love is portrayed, therefore, as being courtly and flirtatious in the early scenes but sexual and foreshadowing death in the later scenes. In The Laboratory there is no use of sexual language however the women believes that her partner and the women Elise commit sexual acts. †Where they are, what they do: they believe my tears flow† The word flow could also be described as the women crying a river. Her tears as soon dried up and is happy by the end at the death of her rival and suffering of her lover. The language used in the Laboratory has various features such as; alliteration, personification, metaphor etc. Alliteration is used to add affect and give the reader a repetitive sound. â€Å"brand, burn up, bite†, â€Å"moisten and mash†, â€Å"poison to poison thee, prithee† Also the use of exclamation marks shows excitement, and reinforces the delight. In the same way Shake pare has also used various literary devices. such as oxymoron’s †Poor living corpse, closed in a dead man’s tomb!† Dramatic irony, †indeed, I never shall be satisfied / With Romeo, till I behold him-dead- † etc. Poison is often the weapon of choice for female killers. It requires little or no physical strength to administer, and can be done secretly. It also leaves little evidence thus making it difficult to detect the culprit. In both Romeo and Juliet and The laboratory the females use poison, which leads to death. However Juliet also dies by suicide. and the women in The laboratory dies from the poison. Browning writes ‘The delicate droplet, my whole fortunes fee’ showing that she’s incredibly dedicated in getting this guy and she’s spent her whole fortune on the poison and she’s not going to give up until the deed is complete. Romeo and Juliet has become forever associated with love. The play has become an iconic story of love and passion, and the name â€Å"Romeo† is still used to describe young lovers. Shakespeare’s treatment of love in the play is complex and multifaceted. He uses love in its many guises to thread together the key relationships in the play. In the Laboratory the women’s anger and revenge seems controlled as looking at the structure, all stanzas are end-stopped, indicating some clear structure and thought behind the lady. Hence, any sympathy we had for her almost disappears as she must know she is doing bad being that her state of mind is quite clear.

Acustic Guitars essays

Acustic Guitars essays Since before Edison, since before the mayflower, one instrument has dominated the way we make and listen to music. This instrument is the guitar. Over its long life the guitar has undergone many drastic and important changes. Its most recent change was came when the guitar was fused with electricity to make the electric guitar. Since the advent of the electric guitar, the conventional, acoustic guitar has remained popular. An acoustic guitar is made up of several important parts like the bridge, the nut, the frets, the tuning pegs, and the body. The most important of these parts is the sound board. The sound board is what makes the noise made by the guitar audible to the human ear. With out the sound board the sounds made by the string would be very hard to hear. To accomplish this, the strings are connected, through the nut to the sound board, which with the of the hole at its center, resonates the sound inside the guitar and makes it many times louder. The body of a guitar co nsists of two regions know as the upper and lower bouts. The upper-bout resonates the higher pitched notes, while the lower-bout resonates the lower pitched notes. When a manufacturer wants to make a guitar, he must first pick his materials. For the body of the guitar, spruce is usually picked because it makes the best resonation. The upper parts of the guitar is usually made up of a harder wood like mahogany or cedar is chosen to reinforce the guitars strength. The individual pieces of the guitar are cut first using precision saws that are run by computer. The pieces then enter the bounding department in which they are glued together using animal hide glue made especially for musical instruments. The glued pieces are bounded by tape while the glue sets over night. After the pieces are glue firmly together they inspected for quality. Then the fittings like the tuning pegs and the frets are glued into place. Then any kind of decorative pieces ...

integration essays

integration essays The dictionary defines integration as a way to make schools, parks, and other facilities available to people of all races on an equal basis. Before 1960, both black and white americans alone have basically lived seperately, in society itself, but kind of in their own way. Now of course in todays society integrating blacks and whites, isnt as quite as a problem that it used to be during the 1960s and 1970s. Now during the time periods 1960 and 1970, integration was introduced into the white schools. The reason this was able to happen, is because before 1960 all of the black schools were unequal in comparison to the white schools having better facilities and more useful supplies to be taught with. Thus resulting in discrimination against the blacks ability to be educated at the same rate as the white schools. As a result of this, the majority of the white society came together and rebeled against the governments decision to integrate schools. Such problems that occered during this whole dispute was rioting, both outside the schools and inside as well. Which then resulted in the black society to stand up for themselves and become more involved in whats going on. Because of this whole disagreement between the two races, the black students that attend the integrated schools, well they were caught in between everything that happened and everywhere. In conclusion, I feel that because of society changing so quickly back then, equality itself had a chance to turn out very much successful. Now on the other hand I felt that even though the timing was just perfect for this to happen, integration wasnt. I feel that it didnt have enough time to evolve into society. Such reason that because of its eagar ability to become one with society, it could as very well leave another loop hole to which more problems could occur. Such that in the early 1800s, around 160 years since ...

Sugar Water in the Gas Tank Urban Legend

Sugar Water in the Gas Tank Urban Legend Internet urban legend warns of a criminal ploy to disable womens vehicles by pouring sugar water in their gas tanks. Does this trick really work? Description: Urban legendCirculating since: Oct. 2005 (this version)Status: Dubious (see details below) Example Email contributed Oct. 14, 2005: Subject: Warning....be alert!Thought this might be worth passing on.Subject: FW: Warning....be alert! Target in Olathe.I just wanted to let you all know of something that happened to me today in the Target parking lot. be aware of this and let everyone you know aware so this does not happen to anyone else. I was at Target today to return something which only took a couple of minutes. when I pulled into the parking lot a man in a car pulled in a couple spaces down from me. he started to go into the store about the same time as I did, then turned back around and went back to his car. I went into Target returned my items and walked back out to get into my car. when I walked out, he was walking away from my car carrying a small gas can. I noticed there was fluid on the side of my car and a puddle beside it. I got into my car not sure of what happened, wrote down his license plate # and left. He followed me out of the parking lot and onto 169. I was only able to drive about a half a mile and my car started acting funny. It died on me as I was driving and I was able to pull into an area business along the highway. I just sat in my car and called the police. The man drove by three times as I waited. The police who came took a report and said that he had poured sugar water into my gas tank which is what made my car stall. It was a great way to get a woman by herself to be stranded on the streets. Luckily for me I was able to stop where there were people around. The police know where the car came from and are working on this now. Not sure what will happen but my car is now in the shop not running, but it could have been much worse for me. Just be aware that this is happening and always be aware of your surroundings. It certainly scared me and I am grateful that nothing else happened. Analysis While its not 100 percent beyond the realm of possibility, the incident described above seems unlikely to have happened given the haphazard nature of the ploy involved. Putting sugar or water in the gas tank of a vehicle can indeed cause the engine to stall- sugar, because the granules wont dissolve in gasoline and may clog the fuel filter; water, because it interrupts combustion- but neither method will produce a predictably-timed engine failure. Depending on the quantity of the foreign substance introduced, it might take minutes, hours, or even days for the stall to occur, if it occurs at all. The same would hold true if the foreign substance was a sugar-water mixture. Dissolved in water, the sugars effect would be negligible, so its essentially no different than pouring plain H2O in the gas tank. The point is, the evildoer who plans to use this method to waylay his victim in a conveniently secluded spot is leaving an awful lot to chance, and, more likely than not, will fail. Which makes it unlikely that such a ploy is often used. From Kansas to Texas to North Carolina It may seem strange, then, to find email reports of incidents matching this exact description happening in Target store parking lots everywhere from Kansas to Texas to North Carolina. But its not so strange when you consider that this forwarded message has been circulating non-stop since 2005, accruing helpful bits of misinformation along the way. In this respect, the text fulfills the classic definition of what folklorists call a migratory legend, with individuals revising specific details to localize the tale before passing it along. At the same time, the story has inspired skeptical news coverage in some cities based on disavowals by local police. â€Å"It’s not happening in Hickory, police captain Clyde Deal told the Hickory, NC Daily Record after the email surfaced there in March 2007. â€Å"As far as we can tell, it’s not happening anywhere in western North Carolina.† Assistant police chief Mike Samp of Mishawaka, Indiana, gave a similar response to the South Bend Tribune: We researched it and could find no police report, which quite naturally, made us suspicious. Police in Wheeling, Ohio simply dismissed it as a hoax. Another Close Call Sifting through email archives, we discovered a variant of this story dating from November 2002 in which a perpetrator who disables a womans car with sugar water is captured by police and found to have an array of kidnapping implements hidden in his van. This alternate version bears a general similarity to the one weve already seen, but is also reminiscent of The Knife in the Briefcase, an urban legend circulating online since the late 90s in which a woman survives a close call in a shopping mall parking lot with a good Samaritan who turns out to be packing a knife, duct tape, and chloroform. Email contributed Nov. 11, 2002: Fw: THIS ALERT COULD SAVE YOUR LIFE!!!!!!!!!!I wanted to share a TRUE story with all of you. I heard about this last week and found out, that it is indeed TRUE. This happened to Cathy Conaways sister, who lives in North Guyton. She went to the Wal-Mart in Pooler about 11:00 one night about 1-2 weeks ago. (Im sure this is familiar for a lot of us) When she parked her car, there was a van parked right next to her. She heard noise coming from inside but didnt see anyone in it. (didnt think much about it then)About 1 a.m. she was leaving and noticed that the van was now parked in front of her vehicle. Getting a little nervous ( that gut feeling) she went back inside and asked if a security guard could walk her out. As they were loading her car, the van pulled out and left. As she got on the road, she noticed the same van behind her. She went a little ways (between Pooler and Faulkville) and her car began to spit and sputter. By this time she was really scared and called 911 from her cell phone. As she pulled over, the police was right there, and the van went on by.While talking to the police the van had turned around and went back by. She pointed it out and the police went after it. The man inside was arrested and taken to jail, but was released on a $700 bond. In his van they found: HER gas cap, a gun, hunting knife, duct tape, rope, a gallon jug of sugar water, and two pairs of womens underwear!!!!!!!!!! After getting her vehicle checked out for the problem, it was determined that sugar and water had been poured into her gas tank.They have found the man and he is back in jail. He is from Walterboro, S.C. I thought I would share this with you since Christmas shopping nights are just ahead. PLEASE be aware of your surroundings where ever you go. As for me, Im getting a LOCKING gas cap. They sell them (where else but) Wal-Mart. Anyway, the bottom line is: BE CAREFUL!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Remember the lady that went missing from Rincon several months ago? They found her car , I think in the Freds parking lot, but still have not found her. Makes you wonder, doesnt it Cautionary tales are meant to instruct, and in a vague sense these examples may be edifying even though theyre false, in that they remind potential crime victims to take note of their surroundings and be wary of the advances of strangers when alone. But they also mislead, diverting attention to fictional scenarios and creating a climate of fear. Remember the fable of the boy who cried wolf? People will only be deceived so many times before they just stop listening, and that defeats the purpose. Sources I Put Sugar in My Husbands Gas Tank... Car TalkDont Panic, Widespread Email Warning Women Just a Prank. Hickory Record (North Carolina).Another Urban Legend Gets Debunked. South Bend Tribune, 10 March 2007.Hoax Email Aimed at Women. WTOV-TV News, 28 February 2007.What If I Put Sugar in Someones Gas Tank? How Stuff Works.

Wake Up, America. We're Driving Toward Disaster Essay

Wake Up, America. We're Driving Toward Disaster - Essay Example The incendiary nature of the discourse does not have a concrete payoff at the end. From the beginning of the article, Kunstler establishes his credibility in speaking on the topic that he chooses to address. He begins his discussion with the words â€Å"Everywhere I go these days, talking about the global energy predicament on the college lecture circuit or at environmental conferences†, thus without knowing anything about the man or his credentials, the reader is given the impression that this is a man whose opinion is valued enough to attract university level attention. He has established a sense of ethos from the start through the use of an aspect of his career that relates to the topic he is addressing. He then continues, in this first paragraph, to grab the attention of the reader by suggesting that the rallying cry that is most often heard about the topic of energy, that of ‘solutions’, is not the focus that should be taken by the American public. In these t wo first sentences, Kunstler has established a sense of his own expertise and engaged the reader through challenging a preconceived idea that has framed a great deal of the discussion on energy consumption. The next section of Kunstler’s article specifically states his position on the topic. He states, â€Å"We have to make other arrangements†, thus establishing his viewpoint on the idea of how to approach the problem of energy consumption. He first states the ways in which energy consumption is being abused and infers that a willingness to sacrifice those abuses of energy is the only way in which to realistically approach the nature of the problem. An assumption is made, after his point is made, that the public does not understand the consequences of ignoring the energy problem and this ignorance puts into jeopardy every aspect of American life that is concerned with survival. He engages the audience through discussing their needs through the concept of the threat to those needs. Kunstler further explains the problem when he says â€Å"It’s about the instabilities that will shake the complex systems of daily life as soon as the global demand for oil exceeds the global supplyâ€Å". This section of the work does two things in the pursuit to convince the reader to believe in Kunstler’s point of view. He insults the trivial nature of the attitude of the American belief in a lifestyle that includes a great deal of energy consumption, as well as then insulting the intelligence of the reader who has not thought far enough to realize that an energy problem will halt food, trade, travel, housing, and money, while throwing in governance, health care, and education to further draw in the reader so that they feel a threat that must be addressed through which his beliefs will clarify how the problem should be addressed. This type of rhetoric uses the force of fear in order to create context for the importance of the problem. Kunstler is tell ing the audience that if they do not swing towards his point of view they will lose everything that supports their way of life. He attaches his argument to their fear for survival, the need to protect and secure the future and to support the continuation of how they procure their basic needs. Once establishing that the future of survival is at risk, he supports this belief by giving a list of consequences that will occur if the use

Developing Professional Practice Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Developing Professional Practice - Assignment Example From this paper it is clear that   there is a need to focus on the financial position of an individual. The two options have varying costs. Therefore, the financial position will be vital in making a decision. There is a need to focus on the time taken for each option. For instance, a course that will take long before completion may have dire effect on career development. Similarly, there is a need to focus on the time schedule. For instance, some curses offer evening and distance learning. This may be a prudent course. Taking a diploma in human resource is a prudent approach especially when in the human resource department. This will increase chances of getting a promotion. On the other hand, the course may be expensive when compared to the certificate in human resource management. Two aspects of group dynamics are group ideology and group cohesion. Research these two and briefly discuss them in around 100 words each in the space provided. Remember to reference your work. How does an understanding of group dynamics, including Tuckman’s model allow HR professionals to be able to perform efficiently as part of a working group? Illustrate your answer with work examples in no more than 150 words in the space provided.  

The Arab Israel Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

The Arab Israel - Essay Example Therefore, it means that the Palestinians who were forced to run away from their homes should not be refused from going back there. The Israeli government had accepted to comply with the United Nation’s Resolution 194 in which it was told to allow the Palestinian refugees to go back and live in their homes. The right to return law is internationally binding and should be respected by all the countries including Israel. The Palestinian refugees in Syria are facing lots of problems which can only be solved if they are given rights to go back to their own homes. In conclusion, the Plestinian refugees, just like any other, have right of return rights which should be implemented. It is the best way through which they can be saved from the hunger, lack of medical care and sufferings in the refugee camps in Syria. The Israeli government should forget about its demographic wars and instead help these refugees. After all, it should accept responsibility for their

Neurological Disorders Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Neurological Disorders - Essay Example Acetycholine esterase (AChE) "plays an important role in the regulation of functions of central and peripheral nervous systems. AChE hydrolyses the cationic neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh)" (Da Ros, 2006). Curare poison, from the bark of a tree in South America, binds to the ACh receptors but doesn't activate them. To understand how this works is to think of it described "as a lock and a key ("lock and key model"). The neurotransmitter (the key) fits the receptor site (the lock). Some drugs act just like the key and attach to the receptor site, conveying a signal just like the neurotransmitter (e.g., nicotine). Other chemicals attach themselves to receptor sites but do not convey a message (e.g., the curare poison). This prevents the neurotransmitter itself from conveying the signal and is like a key that fits a lock but does not actually turn the lock, blocking the real key instead." (Palmer, 2003) This is further explained by the following diagram provided by J.K. Palmer at Eastern Kentucky University: It has been found that organopesticides (OP) bind to acetylcholinesterase and inhibit its normal activity. This will affect muscle tissue by "targeting and depressing acetylcholinesterase activity in a dose-dependent manner, leading to an excessive acetylcholine output, nerve paralysis and finally death.